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1、Jonathan Swift,(30 November 1667 19 October 1745),柯晨 唐思雨 邢维敏 金晶,Life Experience Contribution: Gullivers Travels A Modest Proposal,Leading,Early life,Jonathan Swift was born in Dublin, Ireland ,of a poor family, second child and only son. His father was dead before he was born, so he was compelled to
2、 accept aid from relatives who gave it grudgingly.,Early life,Through the generosity of un uncle ,he was educated at Kilkenny grammar school and then trinity college in Dublin, receiving his B.A. in 1686 and M.A.in 1692.,At school he was not a very good student and his teachers noted his headstrong
3、behavior .,When the anti-Catholic Revolution of the year 1688 aroused reaction in Ireland ,Swift moved to England to the household of Sir William Temple and worked as a private secretary of him until 1699 Sir William Temple passed away.,Early life,In 1699, Swift returned to Ireland in Dublin and bec
4、ame a priest nearby Dublin, but he had to often go to London because of the church affairs , then involved in the struggle between Whigs and the Tories. Thought highly by the Tories leaders, he served as editor for their newspaper Investigation.,Early life,Later years,Swift was very lonely, only con
5、tacted with a few friends during his later years . He donated one third of his savings for charity, another one third of income for the mentally disabled,buliding a Saint Patrick hospital.,Swift was tortured by illness, however, he still insisted on writing (until death), many people even thought he
6、 had completely crazy.,In 1714 Tories receded into the background, he returned to Dublin, Ireland, as a dean in St Patricks church, and began to study the current situation of Ireland.,Actively supporting and devoting into the struggle for Ireland independence and freedom but all his dreams were sha
7、ttered.,Early life,Later years,On October 19, 1745, Swift died at the age of 78, buried in St Patricks Cathedral.,Jonathan Swift was an Anglo-Irish satirist, essayist, political pamphleteer, poet and priest. Swift is probably the foremost prose satirist in the English language, and is less well know
8、n for his poetry.,Contribution,Gullivers Travels,Gullivers Travels, four-part satirical novel by Jonathan Swift, published anonymously in 1726 as Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World.,The novel is ostensibly the story of Lemuel Gulliver, a surgeon and sea captain who visits remote region
9、s of the world. In the beginning Gulliver is shipwrecked on Lilliput, where people are six inches tall. The Lilliputians utterly serious wars, civil strife, and vanities are human follies so reduced in scale as to be rendered ridiculous.,Gullivers Travels,His second voyage takes him to Brobdingnag,
10、where there lives a race of giants of great practicality who do not understand abstractions. Gullivers third voyage takes him to the flying island of Laputa and the nearby continent and capital of Lagado. There he finds pedants obsessed with their own specialized areas of speculation and utterly ign
11、orant of the rest of life. At Glubdubdrib, the Island of Sorcerers, he speaks with great men of the past and learns from them the lies of history.,Gullivers Travels,He also meets the Struldbrugs, who are immortal and, as a result, utterly miserable. In the extremely bitter fourth part, Gulliver visi
12、ts the land of the Houyhnhnms, a race of intelligent, virtuous horses served by brutal, filthy, and degenerate humanlike creatures called Yahoos.,Gullivers Travels,Gullivers Travels,Gullivers Travels has been the recipient of several designations: from Menippean satire to a childrens story, from pro
13、to-Science Fiction to a forerunner of the modern novel.,Major Theme,Major Theme,Of equal interest is the character of Gulliver himselfhe progresses from a cheery optimist at the start of the first part to the pompous misanthrope(厌恶人类者) of the books conclusion and we may well have to filter our under
14、standing of the work if we are to believe the final misanthrope wrote the whole work. In this sense Gullivers Travels is a very modern and complex novel. Despite the depth and subtlety of the book, it is often classified as a childrens story because of the popularity of the Lilliput section as a boo
15、k for children.,“A Modest Proposal” is the best and most famous political satire of Jonathan Swift, written in 1929 when he was Dean of St.Patricks Cathedral, Dublin.,Selected Reading “A Modest Proposal”,Background information:,Under the cruel oppression of English government and Irish landlords, th
16、e Irish poor then lived in extreme misery: beggars, thieves, and starving people could be found everywhere in the country.,Background information:,In this situation, various proposals were made by the “projectors” of the ruling class, about overpopulation, unemployment, and other problems, only to make poor peoples life even more miserable.,In indignation, Swift, in the guise of an economic “projectors” wrote this pamphlet, quietly recommending that it would be more humane to breed
