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1、初中英语语法归纳复习:被动语态 重难点:掌握八种常见时态的被动语态,并能根据不同情景,灵活运用被动语态。 【知识总结归纳】 一. 概念:表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。 二. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换 We Visited that factory last summer 主动语态 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 That factory was visited by us last summer 被动语态 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 三. 各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比 时态主动语态被动语态 一般现在时 am / is / are + P.P. (1)Do they spea
2、k French ? (2)They dont use the room . Is French spoken by them ? The room isnt used by them . 一般过去时 was / were + p.p. (1)The hunter killed a tiger . (2)He wrote many stories last year . A tiger was killed by the hunter . Many stories was written by him last year . 现在进行时 am / is / are +being +p.p. (
3、1)These workers are building a new bridge . (2)He is mending his car . A new bridge is being built by these workers . His car is being mended by him . 过去进行时 was / were + being + p.p. (1)He was selling books . (2)They were discussing the plan at that time . Books were being built by him . The plan wa
4、s being discussed by them at that time . 现在完成时(1)She has learned Many English words have been learned by her . have / has + been + p. p.many English words . (2)He has finished the work . The work has been finished by him . 过去完成时 had + been + p.p. (1)They has solved the problem . (2)We had told him t
5、he news by then . The problem had been solved by them . The news had been told to him by us . 一般将来时 shall / will be + p.p. (1)I shall make a plan . (2)They are going to fix the radio in an hour . A plan will be made by me . The radio is going to be fixed by them in an hour . 过去将来时 would be + p.p. wa
6、s/ were going to be + p.p. (1)He told me they would paint the room . (2)They were going to put on a play the next week . He told me the room would be painted by them . A play was going to be put by them the next week . 情态动词 can / may / must / should + be + p.p. (1)We should hand in our homework . (2
7、)You must answer the question in English . Our homework should be handed in by us . The question must be answered in English by you . 四. 如何正确使用被动语态 1. 有些动词带有两个宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语,变被动语态时,可把其中一个宾语变成主语,另一个 留在被动结构谓语后面。需要注意的是:若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语,需要在间接宾语之间加上介词 “to”。 eg. He often tells us interesting stories . (主动语态
8、) (被动语态) .himbyustotoldoftenarestoriesgInterestin .himbystoriesginterestintoldoftenareWe 常带双宾语的词有:tell , show , lend , pass 等。 2. 在主动语态中,某些动词之后带有复合宾语,即宾语和宾语补足语,这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当, to 被省略,但在被动语态中,这个 to 还要还原。 eg. I often hear her sing this popular song . (主动语态) 复合宾语 宾语补足语宾语 She is often heard to sing thi
9、s popular song .(被动语态) 有这种用法的常用动词有:make , let , see , hear , watch , feel , notice 等。 3. 有些“be +过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态,它们有可能是“系表结构(即系动词之后由过去分词来 充当表语)。” 比较:(1) )( )( .FengpingbyclosedisdoorThe .closedisdoorThe 被动语态。这个门是由冯平来关的 系表结构门是关着的。 (2) )( )( .MarybybrokenwasglassThe .brokenisglassThe 被动语态。的这个玻璃杯是玛丽弄坏 系
10、表结构。这个玻璃杯是坏的 4. 只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词+介词词组才可以有被动语态。 eg. )( )( .ChinainplacetakenbeenhavechangesGreat .ChinainplacetakenhavechangesGreat 错误 正确 )( )( .seadeeptheinddisappearewasdolphinThe .seadeeptheinddisappearedolphinThe 错误 正确 【总结】 一、被动语态的构成形式 1. 被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由 be过去分词构成,be 随时态的变化而变化。以
11、do 为例, 各种时态的被动语态形式为: 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 例 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2) has /have been done 现在完成时 例 All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start. 3) am/is /are being done 现在进行时 例 A new cinema is being built here 4) was/were done 一
12、般过去时 例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 5) had been done 过去完成时 例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 6) was/were being done 过去进行时 例 A meeting was being held when I was there. 7) shall/will be done 一般将来时 例 Hundreds of jobs
13、will be lost if the factory closes. 8) should/would be done 过去将来时 例 The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived. 9) shall/will have been done 将来完成时(少用) 例 The project will have been completed before July. 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词be过去分词。 例 The baby should be taken
14、good care of by the baby-sitter. 2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保 留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 例 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。 例 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigar
15、ette. 可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4)在使役动词 have, make, get 以及感官动词 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等后面不定式作 宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加 to。 例 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词介词”,“动词副词”
16、等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把 它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 例 The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 3. 非谓语动词的被动语态 v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。 例 I dont like being laughed at in the public. 二、 如何使用被动语态 学习被动语态时,不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构,还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。 1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。 例 My bike was stolen last night. 2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。 例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer. 3. 为了更好地安