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1、定语从句（定语从句（the attributive clause） 一什么叫定语从句？ 一个句子作定语就叫定语从句。 二定语从句的结构及种类 1.结构：关系词+主语+谓语+其它 2.种类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 三关系词的分类及关系词 1.关系代词：who，whom, whose, that ,which, as 2.关系副词：when，where，why 四关系词的功用 1.起连接作用，引导定语从句 2.在定语从句中作一个成分主语，宾语，状语，定语，表语。 五什么是先行词？ 被定语从句所修饰的词是先行词。 六关系词的用法 1.who 当先行词是指人得名词或代词，而且关系词在句中作主
2、语时，选 who。 The boy who is standing over there is Tom. He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 2.whom 当先行词是指人得名词，而且关系词在句中作主语时，选 whom. This is our English teacher whom everybody likes. 3.whose 当先行词是指人的名词，而且关系词在句中作定语时，选 whose. This is my deskmate whose father works in a factory. 当先行词是指物的名词
3、，而且关系在句中作定语时，选 whose. We study in a classroom whose windows face to the south. 4.that 当先行词是指物的名词，关系词在句中作主语时，选 that. This is a machine that can walk. 当先行词是指物的名词，关系词在句中作宾语时，选 that. 另外，that 可以省略。 I like the present (that) my father sent me. 当先行词是指人的名词，关系词也可选用 that=who The boy that/who is playing footba
4、ll on the play ground is my brother. 5.which 当先行词是指物的名词时，关系词也可选用 which，它在句中作主语或宾语， which=that 6.下列情况下，关系词只能选用 that 当先行词为不定代词 something, anything, nothing, everything 时 Is there anything that I can do for you? 当先行词为不定代词 all 时 Mr. Li does all that he can to do his work well. 当先行词被 all, some, any 修饰时 T
5、hese are all the things that I have done today. 当先行词被 the only, the very 修饰时 This is the only computer that he often turns to for help. 当先行词被序数词，形容词最高级修饰时 This is the cleaning room that you can see here. time 作先行词，前面有序数词或 last 修饰时 This is the last time that Ill give you pocket money. 尽管先行词指人，但关系词在句中
6、作表语时。 He is no longer the child that he used to be 20 years ago 以 who 开头的特殊疑问句，尽管先行词指人。 Who is the person that is sitting on the ground ? 当先行词包括人和物时。 7. 下列情况下，关系词只能选 which 在非限制性定语从句中。 This is my favorite pen, which I bought yesterday. 先行词不是一个词，而是前面整个句子的概念时 The boy is very polite, which makes his par
7、ents happy. 当先行词指物，用“介词+which” This is the pen with which I often write. 8. as As 引导定语从句时，有四种情况。As 在句中作主语，宾语。 as 单独引导定语从句。 As we all know (=As is known to us all), Yao Ming is a famous basketball player. the same as 与一样 I have the same idea as you. such as 和一样 Dont read such a book as you cant under
8、stand. asas 和一样 In this library, you can borrow as many books as you can. 9. where 当先行词是指地点的名词，而且关系副词在句中作状语时，选 where，where=介 词+which This is the classroom where we study. 尽管先行词是指地点的名词，但关系词在句中作主语，宾语时，只能选 that/which. This is the factory that/which makes paper This is the factory(that/which) we visited
9、 yesterday. 尽管先行词是指地点的名词，关系词在句中作主语，宾语，但非限制性定语从句 只能用 which This is the school, which he visited. the one 是代词，代替前面的名词，其后的 that/which 往往省略。 Is this factory the one you visited? 当 situation, job, mark, race, point 等模糊概念的名词，关系词在句中作状语时， 选 where Youd better make a mark where you have any questions. 尽管先行词是指
10、地点的名词，关系词在句中作状语，但定语从句末有介词时，选 which。 This is the lab which we do experiments in. 10.when 当先行词是指时间的名词，而且关系副词在句中作状语时，选 when，when=介词 +which We will never forget the days when we stayed with Mr. Smith. 尽管先行词是指时间的名词，但关系词在句中作主语，宾语时，选 that 或 which。 Monday is the day which/that comes before Tuesday. We will
11、never forget the days (that/which) we spent with him. 尽管先行词是指时间的名词，关系词在句中作主语，宾语，但非限制性定语从句 只能选 which。 Wednesday is the day, which comes before Thursday. one 作替代词，代替前面表示时间的名词，其后的 that/which 往往省略。 That was an exciting moment, one I will remember forever. time 作先行词，前面有序数词或 last 时，只能选 that。 Is this the t
12、hird time that you have been late for school this week? 11.why 当先行词是指表示原因的名词 reason 时，如果关系副词作状语，选 why，why=for which. This is the reason why I didnt attend the meeting yesterday. 当先行词是表示原因的名词 reason 时，如果关系副词在句中作宾语，选 that/which, 也可省略。 My parents didnt believe the reason (that/ which) I give him. 七介词+w
13、hich/whom 1.介词+which/whom 介词的选择根据下面四种情况 a.根据定语从句中的谓语动词 Who is the person with whom you shook hands just now? b.根据定语从句中的形容词 In learning English, he had two things about which he was not sure. c.根据定语从句所修饰的先行词 This is the bike by which I go to school. d.根据句意。 This is the train on which he works. 如果关系词指
14、人，选 whom，如果关系词指物，选 which。 2.不定代词+of+which/whom 常用的不定代词有：both, neither, either(两者之一)，all, none, many, most, some, any Mr. Li has two sons, both of whom are college students. There are 10.000 books in this library, most of which are interesting. 3.数词，分词，百分数+of+which/whom There are 50 students in our c
15、lass, two thirds of whom are girls. 4.the+名词+of+which=whose+名词 He has just bought a magazine, the cover of which (=whose cover) is missing. 5.介词+whose+名词 This is our school teaching building, on whose top there is a red flag. 八非限制性定语从句 如果主语和定语从句之间有个逗号，它就是非限制性定语从句。引导非限制性的定语 从句的关系词有：which，who, when, w
16、here, why, whom, whose. 九分隔性的定语从句 有时定语从句和先行词之间被其他词隔开，把这种从句叫分隔性的定语从句。 The days are gone when China used foreign oil. = Gone are the days when China used foreign oil. 十The way 作先行词，引导定语从句的关系词有三种情况：that, in which 省略。 I dont like the way _D_ you do things. A. that B. in which C. D. all of the above 十一. One of +the+复数名词+定语从句，谓语动词用复数，the only one of +the 复数名词+定 语从句，谓语动词用单数。 He is one of the teachers in ou
