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1、英语句子成分,4种基本成分+2种修饰成分,基本成分 主语 谓语动词 宾语 补足语 修饰成分 状语 （用来修饰动词 状语修饰对象不限于动词） 定语（用来修饰名词）,关系图,句子成分,基本成分,修饰成分,核心成分,谓语成分,主语,谓语,宾语,补语,直接宾语,间接宾语,主语补足语 （表语）,宾语补足语,定语 （修饰名词）,状语（修饰动词）,5 种基本句型 - 动词决定句型,Her love died. She loved me. She gave me a kiss. She made me happy. She is lovable.,动词决定句型，但动词决定不了状语和定语的存在与否，或者说，状语
2、和定语填补动词的语义空缺。,给下列短文划分句子成分。,Losers Look for Quick Fixes There are two ways of getting rid of weeds in your yard: the easy way and the not-so-easy way. (1) The easy way may be to run a lawnmower and (2) the yard looks fine for a while, but that is a temporary answer. Soon the weeds are back. But (3) t
3、he not-so-easy way may mean getting down on your hands and knees and pulling out the weeds by the roots. It is time-consuming and painful, but (4) the weeds will stay away for a longer time. (5) The first solution appeared easy, but (6) the problem remained. The second solution was not so easy, but
4、took care of the problem from the roots. (7) The key is to get the root of the problem. The same thing is true of our attitude in life. The problem with people today is that (8) they want instant answer. (9) They are looking for one-minute solutions to everything. Just like instant coffee, they want
5、 instant happiness. There are no quick fixes. (10) This attitude leads to disappointment or even failure.,The easy way may be to run a lawnmower the yard looks fine for a while the not-so-easy way may mean getting down on your hands and knees and pulling out the weeds by the roots. the weeds will st
6、ay away for a longer time. The first solution appeared easy,主,主,主,主,主,表/主补,表/主补,时间状语,表/主补,时间状语,谓,谓,谓,谓,谓,宾,the problem remained. The key is to get the root of the problem. they want instant answer. They are looking for one-minute solutions （to everything）. This attitude leads to disappointment or ev
7、en failure.,主,谓,主,主,主,主,谓,谓,谓,谓,表/主补,宾,宾,宾,宾补,定,主语 谓语动作的执行者,主语可以省略。 主语的形式结构： The sun rises in the east.（名词） He likes dancing.（代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is
8、 round and tall like a tree.,宾语 动作的承受者,动宾 I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词） How many do you need? We need two. （数词） We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you.（动名词） I hope to see you again.（不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾 Are you afraid of the sna
9、ke? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.,谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征,必不可少； 决定句子结构； 谓语的形式结构-动词 We study English. He likes playing the games.,宾语 动作的承受者,动宾 I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词） How many do you need? We need two. （数词） We
10、 should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you.（动名词） I hope to see you again.（不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? 双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.,补语 补充说明名词的成分，通常出现在主语或宾语后边。,宾语补足语. 主语补足语（表
11、语）； 补足语的形式结构： We elected him monitor. （名词） We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. （名） We will make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in.( 副词 ) Please make yourself at home. 介词短语） Dont let him do that. （省to不定式） His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （to不定式） Dont keep the lig
12、hts burning. （现在分词） Ill have my bike repaired. （过去分词） He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.,系动词,be feel, look, sound, taste, smell, seem, appear, become, grow, get, turn, fall, go, come continue, remain, stay, keep,状语 - 状语修饰动词、
13、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、 时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。,The boy needs a pen very much.（程度状语） The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother.（宾语较长则状语前置） The boy really needs a pen.（程度状语） The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen.（时间状语） In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.（地点状
14、语） Before his mother,Tom is always a boy.(条件状语) On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom.(时间状语) He sits there,asking for a pen.（表示伴随状态） Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen.（原因状语） Frightened,he sits there soundlessly.（原因状语） The boy needs a pen to do his homework.（目的状语） To make hi
15、s dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business. （目的状语）,定语 修饰名词,The boy The cute boy The cute boy in blue jeans The cute boy wearing blue jeans The cute boy who is wearing blue jeans,is my brother.,同位语 名词短语的补语成分,名词才有同位语； 同位语即名词补足语； 省略同位语，句子意思完整。 My uncle, my mothers brother, died of cancer
16、 when he was 47. I have no idea when they will be back and settle down.,More exercise 划分句子成分。,1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you 3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes. 5. He broke a piece of glass. 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city 7. -I love you more than herchild 8. Tees turn green when spring comes. 9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me
