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1、第四部分 阅读理解总体概述 阅读理解是我们学习英语的主要目的之一，是我们获取外来信息的重要途径。阅读理解是综合读者各方面知识的过程，通过阅读能看出作者的主要意图和文章的基调；从有关资料中汲取有用的东西；对不重要情节或信息一带而过；根据阅读目的和材料的难易程度调整阅读速度和方法；根据作者的描述得出自己的结论；掌握并利用语境猜测词的多种含义的；根据阅读材料快速读懂图表；根据短文的内容填空等等。 一、命题趋向1.阅读材料更趋向于真实性、实用性和教育性 关注实际生活的选材特点在近年的NMET阅读理解试题中已经呈现出明显的增强趋势。这种趋势与当前基础教育的改革要求是一致的。中学生语言学习的根本目的应当与
2、基础教育的根本目标一致，即:学会求知、学会做事、学会合作、学会做人。真实性和适用性选材是适应基础教育英语课程改革的目标而出现的；选材的教育性是基于阅读的第二层面而设立的，即考生不仅要懂得文章的意思，还要进行思考。 2.问题的创设将会更加灵活多样，尤以整体理解和推理为主 阅读理解创设的问题大多不能按字面意思随手拈来，需要归纳、概括中心，推测作者意图、挖掘深层含义。有些题目还要加以逻辑推理才能选择出正确答案。 3.由猜测词义到对整个句子意义的理解将是一个新的命题热点 词义猜测题在近几年的阅读命题中屡见不鲜。一般是利用上下文，通过对应结构或平行结构中同义词或反义词来进行判断。近年来考试突破了这个圈圈
3、，命题者要求考生在对文章的整体理解上来理解某个熟悉的词汇或短语在真实语境中新的含义。 4.所选材料的结构复杂化，生疏但能读懂的短语和表达方式将达到一定的数量 英语新课程标准中，阅读理解的要求更高。在典型例题卷的阅读理解中就出现了许多考生感到陌生的短语。如B篇中有to look the otherway；E篇中的in the great majority of等。这些短语的出现在一定的程度上加大了难度，但符合考试说明的要求，也体现了语言学习的适用性和灵活性。 5.填空题 填空题则重在要求考生从文中获取信息，然后转述文章的内容，这不是抄袭照搬，它对运用语言提出了较高的要求。可以说，填空题的能力要求
4、在阅读题之上。填空题是考查学生的阅读和书面表达的能力，复习的关键还是要加强基本功。 二、提高阅读理解能力的途径 1.平时多阅读。 如英文报纸、杂志、读物，这样可以培养良好的阅读习惯，克服对生词的恐惧心理，从而达到提高阅读速度和阅读能力的目的。根据不同情况调整阅读速度，要知道在什么时候快读，什么时候慢读。一般说来，对我们有用或重要的信息我们就要放慢速度，对我们不重要的信息可以一带而过，这样才可以在整体上提高阅读速度。 2.扩大知识面。 要对社会、科学、文学、史地、艺术等多个领域特别是有关英美等国家的情况都要有所了解。 3.积累适合自己的阅读技巧和做题方法，在做题时做到有的放矢。 4.扩大词汇量。
5、 有限的词汇量必然影响你的阅读能力的提高。生词的含义只有在上下文中才能完全展现出来，并易于被记住、理解、掌握；同时还可以利用构词法记忆单词，这对于阅读是特别有用。 三、阅读理解试题的命题角度 历届高考阅读试题基本上可以分为五类:1.理解认定事实试题。2.猜测词义或短语试题。3.推理判断试题。4.归纳概括试题。5.填空题。一般来说，高考阅读理解试题的命题角度都是从这几个方面来展开的。下面我们以部分英语高考试题的阅读理解部分来认识一下这些个命题角度。 1. ( 典型例题 ) Chances I really love my job because I enjoy working with smal
6、l children and like the challenges and awards from the job. I also think my work is important. There was a time when I thought I would never have that sort of career(职业).I then found myself a job, looking after two little girls. I wasnt an excellent student because I didnt do much schoolwork. In my
7、final term I started thinking what I might do and found I didnt have much to offer. I just accepted that I wasnt the type to have a career.It wasnt too bad at first. But the problems began when I agreed to live in, so that I would be there if my boss had to go out for business in the evening. We agr
8、eed that if I had to work extra hours one week, shed give me time off the next. But unfortunately, it didnt often work out. I was getting extremely tired and fed up, because I had too many late nights and early mornings with the children. One Sunday, I was in the park with the children, and met Mega
9、n who used to go to school wih me. I told her about my situation. She suggested that I should do a course and get a qualification(资格证书) if I wanted to work with children. I didnt think I would be accepted because I didnt take many exams in school. She persuaded me to phone the local college and they
10、 were really helpful. My experience counted for a lot and I got on a part time course. I had to leave my job with the family, and got work helping out at a kindergarten.Now Ive got a full time job there. I shall always be thankful to Megan. I wish I had known earlier that you could have a career, ev
11、en if you arent top of the class at school.1 What is the authors present job? A. Working part time in a college. B. Taking care of children for a family. C. Helping children with their schoolwork.D. Looking after children at a kindergarten.2 When staying with the two girlsfamily, the author . A. was
12、 paid for extra work B. often worked long hours C. got much help from her boss D. took a day off every other week3 Why did the author leave her first job? A. She found a full time job. B. She was fed up with children. C. She decided to attend a part time course.D. She needed a rest after working ext
13、ra hours.4 What has the author learned from her own experiences? A. Less successful students can still have a career. B. Qualifications are necessary for a career. C. Hard work makes an excellent student.D. One must choose the job she like.试题分析 第1题考查考生对所读短文细节理解的能力。文章最后一段说明了“Now Ive got a fulltime jo
14、b there”故选D 第2题考查考生对所读短文作出简单判断和推理的能力。文中第三段说，尽管shed give me time off the next但是it didnt often work out因此，选B. 第3题考查考生阐述主旨事实和相关细节的能力。在朋友的劝说下，最终作者还是听从了。 第4题考查考生对作者的意图和态度的理解能力。本文作者从读书时的表现不优秀，从而认为自己后来不会有自己的事业，到后来有了career，D项最能说明主题。2.(典型例题)1 What does Passagetell us about the boy?A. He was injured in the he
15、ad when he was 14. B. He has waited for the pay out for a long time.C. He has lived in the same place since the accident.D. He was run over by a taxi when riding on the pavement. 2 What can we learn about Lee and Collier counties from Passage? A. They both became safe places. B. They won the same place in a race.C. They had the same number of accidents. D. They joined hands in reducing accidents. 3 Which passage would give more information on the prevention
