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1、外国文学史,华裔美国文学,MaxineHongKingston,The Historical Background,The decade of the 1960s had a huge influence on the direction of Chinese American Literature The civil rights movement New immigration laws Resistance to the Vietnam War Rise of feminism Ethnic literary activism,Civil Rights Movement,Civil ri
2、ghts movement: The focus was to improved conditions for black Americans Apply the same standards to whites and blacks,The March to Washington,Civil Rights Movement,Civil Rights Movement,- Rapid change in ethnic consciousness of non-white Americans - Beginning of change of attitude of white Americans
3、,The Womens Movement,Developed largely out of the Civil Rights Movement Civil Rights Act of 1964 had a few provisions about gender equality 1966 National Womens Organization organized (NOW),Resistance to the Vietnam War,-1960 to 1973. (1968 was the hottest year of war protests) -Intellectuals starte
4、d the opposition - Students took over the fights dispute mainly within the white community, paralleled civil rights,Resistance to the Vietnam War,rift between young people and their parents- generation gap protesters becoming tenured faculty at American colleges,Ethnic literary activism and challeng
5、e to the “canon”,-The “great tradition in western literature” called “works of dead white men” - Jessie Jackson : “There is a broad body of people in this country across the lines of race, religion, regions, and sex who desperately want new directions within this country and new connections with oth
6、er people and forms of government”,Ethnic literary activism and challenge to the “canon”,-Women quickly become recognized in literature and other fields -New left challenges democratic ideals, objects and methods of literary studies - Mainstream literature teachers (and readers) quickly picked up th
7、e call to look at neglected material,Maxine Hong Kingston 1940- Father: Tom Hong, a first-generation immigrant from China, owned a laundry in Stockton, California. Mother: Ying Lan (Chew) Hong (Brave Orchid), first-generation immigrant from China Husband: Earll Kingston, actor Son: Joseph Lawrence C
8、hung Mei, born in 1964,Born in 1940,Chronology 1940: born in Stockton, California 1962: graduates from the University of California, Berkeley 1962: marries Earll Kingston, a classmate at Berkeley 1964: gives birth to son, Joseph Lawrence Chung Mei 1965: earns a teaching certificate and begins teachi
9、ng high school,1967: moves to Hawaii 1976: The Woman Warrior: Memoires of a Girlhood Among Ghosts begins teaching English at the University of Hawaii in Honolulu 1980: China Men 1981: receives Guggenheim Fellowship begins teaching at University of California, Berkeley 1989: Tripmaster Monkey: His Fa
10、ke Book 2001: To Be the Poet 2003: The Fifth Peace Book,China Men,The Woman Warrior,To Be the Poet,The Fifth Book of Peace,The Woman Warrior,Woman Warrior is divided into five distinct parts: No Name Woman, White Tigers, Shaman, At the Western Palace, and A Song for a Barbarian Reed Pipe. The storie
11、s are loosely woven together in what she calls a “mother book” a book that eventually reconciles mother and daughter.,In “No Name Woman” she recounts a brutal story of a suicide in the family that the narrators mother warns her not to repeat. The story is told to a teenage girl to warn her about the
12、 consequences of sex: You must not tell anyone,” my mother said, “what I am about to tell you. In China your father had a sister who killed herself. She jumped into the family well. We say that your father has all brothers because it is as though she never existed.,The second section of the book, “W
13、hite Tigers”, is a fantasy about a female avenger, Fa Mu Lan. “White Tigers” apparently refers to western influence in China, so it is Chinese and American Fa Mu Lan learns martial arts from an old couple, decapitates a misogynist old baron, and returns to a life as daughter, wife, and mother.,The “
14、Shaman” chapter tells of the mothers passage from a traditional woman to a doctor. In the course of her time at the school in Canton, she enlists the other students in exorcising a ghost.,It is in the “Shaman” chapter that the girls conflict with her mother is reconciled. “We have no more China to g
15、o home to,” the aged Brave Orchid laments. The girl says, “I am really a dragon, and she is a dragon, both of us were born in dragon years. I am practically a first daughter of a first daughter.”,In “At the Western Palace” the narrators mother Brave Orchid implores her sister Moon Orchid to reclaim
16、her husband, who is married to an American woman. Moon Orchid, just arrived from Hong Kong, does not want to do this. Brave Orchid forces a meeting, which results in Moon Orchids being crazy.,The last chapter, “A Song for a Barbarian Reed Pipe” , the narrator addresses her early inability to speak. In elementary school she confronts and attacks a Chinese girl who wont speak. It is clear that the girl is really a double for herself.,The book ends with a talk story
