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1、语法复习专题：定语从句,定义：在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句。 1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语 2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后 This is the best book that I have ever read.,（一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导 1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as 2、关系副词：when, where, why 关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分。 e.g. She is the gir
2、l who sings best of all.（关系代词who在从句中作主语） The comrade with whom I came knows French.（whom在从句中作介词with的宾语） 3、关系代词和关系副词的用法：1）当先行词为人时用who 作主语，whom作宾语；2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ，可作主语或宾语；3）先行词为人、物时用that ，可作主语或宾语；4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。,（二）限制性定语从句
3、与非限制性定语从句 1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。 e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整） 2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。 e.g. Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）,(三)使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题 1、t
4、hat与which的区别。 1）用that而不用 which的情况：先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, ；先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；先行词有only, very, any等词修饰；先行词既有人又有物时。 e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 This is the best f
5、ilm that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。 Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。 2）用which而不用 that的情况：引导非限制性定语从句；代表整个主句的意思；介词 + 关系代词。 e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。 This is the room in which my father lived last y
6、ear. 这是父亲去年居住过的房子。,2. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。 e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。 The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow. 3. 定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。 e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I cant under
7、stand. 4. 引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词 + which”来代替。 e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the Peoples Republic of China was founded.,关系副词when与where、why、that when 指时间 = in / at / on / during which where指地点 = in / at / from / which why指原因 = for which 当先行词为way、day、reason、time时，可用that作关系副词。（非正式场合）
8、 I dont like the way that / in which / he talks. 注意：当time/moment作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。 This is the first time (that) I have given you a lesson in French.,5. 当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。 e.g. The sick man whom she is looking after is her father. 6. 介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可有which
9、, that, whom, 口语中也可用who，且可省略。 e.g. This is the village in which he lived when he was a child. e.g. The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come to school.,练习、定语从句,一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句： The fan is on the desk. You want it. 2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here
10、 yesterday. 3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away. 4. The students will not pass the exam . They dont study hard. 5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.,The fan which/that you want is on the desk.,The man who brought our texbooks here yesterday is in the next room.,T
11、he magazine which he has taken away is mine.,The students who dont study hard will not pass the exam.,The woman whom you saw in the park is our geography teacher.,6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday. 7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night. 8. The train was late. It was
12、going to Nanning. 9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago. 10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.,The letter which I received yesterday is from my sister.,The play we saw last night was wonderful.,The train which was going to Nanning was late.,The boy who was here a minute ago is
13、my brother.,The tree which he is climbing is quite tall.,11. Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop. 12. Thats the child. We were looking at his drawing just now. 13. This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer. 14. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework havent been handed in. 15. I
14、s that the woman? Her daughter is in my class.,Here is the girl whose brother works in this shop.,Thats the child whose drawing we were looking just now.,This is the boy whose sister is a famous singer.,I want to talk to the boys whose homework havent been handed in.,Is that the woman whose daughter
15、 is in my class?,二、根据句子意思，在第一个空白处填入介词，在第二个填入关系代词whom或which:,1. The person _ _ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about. 2. The pencil _ _ he was writing broke. 3. Wu Dong, _ _ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much. 4. The two things _ _ Marx was not sure were the grammar and some
16、of the idioms of English. 5. Her bag, _ _ she put all her books, has not been found.,to whom,with which,with whom,of which,in which,用适当的关系词填空：,1.I still remember the night _I first came to the house.2. Ill never forget the day_ we met each other last week.3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _is the best season there.4. I will never forget the days _I spent with your family.5. Ill never forget t
