英语词性总汇

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1、语法知识精讲精练 第一章 冠词疑词是一个虚词,须置于名词之前,限定名词的定义,表示名词所表示的人或物。冠词分为不定冠词(a,an)和定冠词(the)以及零冠词,(即在某些场合不使用冠词)一、不定冠词a、an的用法:1通常在辅音或半元音前使用a,在元音前使用an。例:a:Taylor was an 8-year-old daughter who has a gift for painting. 浙江高考题b:Having graduated form a university, she found it hard to find an ordinary job.c:Data phone is a

2、 cellular phone that allows images, text and other visual data. 2使用在名词前表数量“”或表范指。例:a:Rome was not built in a day.b:If you grow up in a large family, you are more likely to develop the ability to get on well with others.注:此时a与one的区别:1、more than a / an more than one 例:Itll take me more than an hour to

3、 finish the work.这项工作我要用一个多小时完成。(不超过两小时)Itll take me more than one hour to finish the work.这项工作不是我一个小时能完成的。(要两个小时甚至更多的时间)3.表示“一个另一个”之意时用 而不用例:One mans meat is another mans position人各有志。另:在下列情况下,a,one可以互换:例:in a/one word简而言之,a/one hundred percent百分之百,十足4.、表类别:Generally speaking an adult runs faster t

4、han a child.一般来说,成年人比小孩距得块。5.用在单数名词前,相当于某一个或某一位,抑或用在物质名词或抽象名词表“一阵”,“一份”等或表抽象名词具体化。例:a. A Mr Li called you tonight,(某一位) b.Unfortunately , only the poor boy was caught in a heavy rain (表一阵)c.Through their efforts , their experiment was quite a great success.(抽象名词具体化)d.lts a pleasure to stand here giv

5、ing you a speech (同上)6. a/an可表“每一”之意例:I go there once a week to ensure that everything is ok.(每一周)7.两个名词共用一个冠词表同一人或同一物。例:a scientist and artist a teacher and friend 注:此类形式做主语时谓语单复数问题。Finally, they met a professor and waiter who quite friendly.A. is B. are C. was D. were 正确答案C析:此处profssor与writer属同一人,

6、who做为定语从句引导词代替 故用C. was 8 放在形容词最高级前表“很”、“相当”、“非常”例:The is a most interesting filmHu Bei is a most beautiful province湖北是非常美的一个省e 放在序数词前表“又”、“再”之意。例: Do you want a second coffee? 你想再来杯咖啡吗?To master a second language, the little boy and his family had to move to this strange country为了又掌握一门语言,这个小孩和他的家人不

7、得不搬到这个陌生的国度。二、不定冠词的位置不定冠词常位于名词、量词或名词修饰语气前。1位于下列形容词之后。如:such, many , what , half etc 例:Many a man is fit for the job.很多人适合这项工作。I have never met such a man like him .我从来就没有遇到像他这样的人。2. 当名词前的形容词被副词as , so ,too ,how ,however ,enough修饰时,不定冠词放在形容词之后。He was infected with so deadly a disease that doctors wer

8、e in complete doubt.他感染了致命的疾病以至于医生们束手无策。He is such a clever boy that we all love him 注:such与 so在此用法中 a /an 的位置差别: He is such a clever boy that we all love him. He is so clever a boy that we all love him.3. 在as though 引导的让步状语从句中,当表语为 adj 修饰的名词时,不定冠词在形容词后。例:Brave a man as / though he is ,he trembles a

9、t the sight of tigers 他尽管勇敢,可见到老虎还是发抖。4可数单数名词的形容词比较级有no much, far ,all the 等修饰时,不定冠词位于比较级的形容词之后,名词之前。例:Mr Li, the tutor was no better a schoolar than many a nine form boy.李先生这位家庭教师并不比九年级学生强。三、固定短语中使用a / anmany a student很多学生, what a pity / a shame!真遗憾!take a deep breath 深呼吸 all of a sudden 突出in a sen

10、se在某种意义上。 as a rule 通常make a living 谋生。 take an interest in 对有兴趣keep an eye on 留意、照看 at a distance of 在这处at a loss不知所措 as a matter of fact事实上定冠词的用法1.表独一无二或被认为是唯一的物质名词前,在由普通名词构成的专有名词前使用the如:The sun ,the sky, the Great wall, the United Nations.注:当名词前有形容词修饰时,名词前通常不定冠词。例:a blue sky 蓝天a full moon 满月2表说话双

11、方都知道的人或物前,或上文已提及的人或物名词前:例:Would you mind telling me the number?你介意把电话号码告诉我吗?3.在山脉、河流、湖泊,群岛等名称或文娱艺术活动的名词前使用 the 例:the Atlantic 大西洋 the Philippines 菲律宾群岛注:若名词为 cape, mount ,lake 等词放在前面时,一般不加冠词。例:Cape of Good Hope好望角 Mount Qomo langma 珠穆朗玛峰4当形容词、动名词、过去分词表一类人或物或某种抽象概念时,在其前用the例:We should notlook down up

12、on the disabled. 我们不应当看不起残疾人。The unknown is still to come 天有不测风云Children has learnt to look up to the old. 孩子们已经学会去尊重老人。5. 在乐器名词、姓氏复数形式前,表全家人或夫妇时,通常用the 例:The Turnens are sitting at the table6. 在表身体某部位或方位,方向名词乐器名词前,使用thepat sb on the head 拍某人的头hold sb by the hand 抓住某人的手Their windows face to the sout

13、h 他们的窗户朝南开。play the piano 弹钢琴7在序数词或形容词最高级前,或比较级前表两个中较一个时用theHe is always the first to come and the last to leave . 他总是第一个来,最后一个走The shorter boy is the elder of the two.个子小的男孩是两个孩子中较大的一个8定冠词的位置在名词组中一般the放在最前面,但词组中有exactly just,twice或表倍数的量词,all, both 修饰时,the应放在这些词之后:例:the last few words 最后几句话,the magn

14、ificent short fim 精彩的短片half the story 故事的一半 all the students 所有学生Our hall is three times the size of theirs我们的大厅是他们的三倍大。9固定短语中in thedistance 在远处,all the year around 一年到头on the side of 在一边 on the whole 总之on the air 在播送中,by the day / the week etc 按天,周等计算take the place of 取代、代替 get into / form the habi

15、t of 养成习惯10在某些固定短语中,有定冠词与无定冠词的区别:in prison 坐牢 in the prison 在监狱工作keep house 料理家务,keep the house 守在家里/照看房子。take place 发生 take the place of 取代leave school 毕业 leave the school 离开那所学校零冠词(即不使用冠词)的用法1、复数名词或不可数名词,物质名词表“类别”或不特指时例:Im quite fond of literature 我特别喜欢文学。Many cars are waiting at the gate 门口停着许多车2表身份职位或头衔的名词做表语同位语,补语时,不用冠词

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