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1、Grammar,构词法 (Word Formation),2012高考英语语法总复习,（优质课件）,If you meet the new words while reading, what will you do ?,Its not always necessary to understand the meaning of every word, just go on reading!,Guess the meaning!,How ?,When we deal with the problems in reading comprehension, we can use Word Format
2、ion to help us, but the context(上下文，语境) is also very important.,1. I will not make friends with a dishonest person. 2. When the little boy finished, his father was speechless. 3. A bad-looking pickpocket stole my wallet,根据构词法猜词,首先要熟悉基本的构词法及其规律, 其次要掌握一定的词根和词缀。如:un-, im-, mis-, -less, -ness等。,dis+hone
3、st 不诚实的,speech+less 说不出话的,pick+pocket 扒手,派生法（Derivation）,合成法(Compounding),转化法（Conversion）,缩略法（Abbreviation）,合成词 Compound,pain-killer,止痛药,color- blind,色盲,sleep-walk,梦游,sleep-walker,二、合成法（Compounding）,highway waiting-room kind-hearted,把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词。,合成词汇展厅,一.合成名词 二.合成动词 三.合成形容词 四.合成副词 五.合成代词,一.合成
4、名词,例词,seafood;,名词代词名词,构成方式,greenhouse;,形容词名词,handwriting;,名词+动名词（V-ing）,waiting- room;,动名词+名词,pain-killer,名词+动词(er/or),pickpocket;,动词+名词,turn-off,动词+副词,output,副词动词,afternoon,介词副词名词,二.合成动词,构成方式.名词动词,overcome;,构成方式1副词动词,whitewash,构成方式形容词动词,sleep walk;,三.合成形容词,副词过去分词,snow-white,名词+形容词,English-speaking,
5、名词现在分词,man-made,构成方式,例词,high-class;,形容词名词,light-blue,形容词形容词,good-looking,形容词现在分词,warm-hearted,形容词名词+ed,second-hand,数词名词,hard-working,副词现在分词,well-known,副词过去分词,underground,介词名词,四.合成副词,however;,构成方式1副词副词,anywhere; whatever,构成方式1代词副词,downstairs; upstairs,构成方式3副词名词,anyway,形容词名词,五.合成代词,something; everythi
6、ng; nobody; someone; anybody,构成方式： some/any/no+thing/one/body,1) The fire lasted about 4 hours before the _ _ could control it. 2) At school she formed a close _ with several other girls. 3) They decide to spend their holiday at the _. 4) He put on a hat and _ before he went out. 5) They often perfo
7、rm in the streets for the _. 6) Im sure you will be _ soon.,passers-by,well-known,firefighters,friendship,seaside,overcoat,1. Make compound words after the models. A: passer, well, sea, fire, over, friend, B: by, known, side, fighter, coat, ship, Model: part + time = part-time,2. Fill in the blanks
8、with the words above.,Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.,转化法（Conversion）,It has a good taste.,It tastes very good.,hand,n.手,v.递送,wrong,adj.错误的,n.错的事,We always walk hand in hand.,Please hand me the book.,There is something wrong with the car.,He didnt know the difference between right
9、and wrong .,clean,adj. 干净,v.清扫,Please keep tidy and clean.,You have to clean the blackboard after class.,1. Jim dreams of being the best football player in England. 2. Please stop here, and it is the bus stop 3. The coach was questioning the team members about their practice conditions 4. Whos guard
10、ing that building? 5. The car slowed down to half its speed 6. Dont use too cold water to water flowers 7. The old in our village are living a happy life.,派生法 Derivation,派 生 法,前缀,后缀,否定前缀,其他前缀,名词后缀,形容词后缀,副词后缀,动词后缀,否定前缀,其他前缀,加前缀： happy - _happy 加后缀： develop - develop_ 既加前缀又加后缀： employ -_employ_,un,men
11、t,un,ment,派生词（derivation）,1.派生词 注意:前缀一般只改变词义,不改变词类;后缀一般只改变词类,不引起词义变化,Derivation: 1) 前缀: (1) dis-: disagree, dislike, disappear (2) in-(il-, im-, ir-): incorrect, impossible, irregular, (3) un-: unhappy, unable, unfit, (4) non-: nonstop, nonverbal (非语言的) (5) re-: rewrite, review,2) 后缀: (1) 构成名词： (2)
12、构成形容词: (3) 构成动词: (4) 构成副词: (5) 构成数词:,-er, -ese, -ist, -ian, -ment, -tion, -ness, -th. buyer, Chinese, socialist, musician agreement, collection, illness, truth,-al, -an, -ful, -ing, -y, -less national, American, careful, exciting, cloudy, useless,-fy, -is (z)e: beautify, realize,-ly: badly,-teen, -t
13、y, -th thirteen, sixty, twelfth,一、派生法（Derivation）,由词根(root)加前缀（prefix）或后缀（suffix）构成新词。,un-,dis- in- im- mis- non-,understand polite smoker agree fair visible,trans- -graph tele- super- co- vis- bio- sub- -port-,carry see below life together/with more than usual far across writing,Match the prefix or
14、 suffix with the meaning.,Guess the meaning of the underlined words 1.Many countries import most of the oil they use. 2.He studied biophysics at college. 3.It is very important to learn how to cooperate with others. 4.All your luggage will be transported to the destination by train. 5.My cousin has
15、an excellent voice. Her dream is to become a superstar.,进口,生命物理,合作,运输,明星,Is it difficult for you to get up in the morning? Do you sometimes oversleep?,1. over- : too much,overwork , overeat,above sth; across,overcoat, overhead,Some important prefixes:,The trains are _ on Friday evenings. (crowded),o
16、vercrowded,He enlarged his vocabulary by reading widely.,2.en- 动词前缀,enable, endanger,Reading can _ your life.(rich),enrich,Some important suffixes:,-ment, -ion, -ness, -tion, -ful, -able, -less, -en等,sharpen a pencil,strengthen,brighten,3. Write out the original words.,unchangeable adj. _ dislike v. _ impossibility n. _
