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1、1 英语复习小结 一、 名词： 有可数名词和不可数名词。 1、可数名词有单数、复数之分， 名词复数形式的构成规则： (1) 一般在名词词尾加“s 如： teacherteacher segg-eggs (2) 以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾的名词加es 如 class-classes box- boxes bus -buses watch-watches (3) 以辅音字母 +y 的名词变 y 为 i 再加 es 如： story-storieslibrary-librar ies, dictionary-dictionar ies hobby-hobb ies (4) 以 f, fe 结
2、尾的名词，变f, fe 为 v 加 es 如： life -li vesleaf -leaveshalf-hal ves knife-kni veswolf-wol ves wife-wi ves (5) 以 o 结尾的名词“英雄芒果土豆西红柿”加es hero-heroes mango- mangoes potato- potatoestomato- tomato es 其 余 加s （ 目 前 所 学 的 词 ）zoo-zoos kilo-kilos radioradios photo- photos piano- pianos (6)不规则名词单复数形式 如：child children
3、 woman - women man -men foot-feet tooth-teeth 有的可数名词单、复数形式相同，如Japanese， Chinese，sheep, 如： I have one sheep. He has two sheep. 2、不可数名词没有复数形式 不可数名词有：(1)milk, water, juice, tea, ice; (2) food, rice, meat, fish, chicken, bread, cheese (3) paper, newspaper , hair, time, money, homework, housework 不可数名词的数
4、量常表示如下 two bottles of milk a cup of juice half a kilo of cheese a bag of rice three kilos of meat some water 二、人称代词 人称代词包括主格和宾格。主格在句中作主语，宾 格用于动词或介词后作宾语。 主 格 Iwe youhesheit they 宾 格 meusyouhimheritthem 我我 们 你, 你 们 他她它他们 We are going to have a picnic. Let us go. I miss everyone in China. Who can help
5、me? What is he doing? He is trying to get on the bus. Look at him. She can t hear. This dog helps her. Tell me more about the Great Wall. 三物主代词 物主代词包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代 词。 形容词性物主代词后需跟名词，名词性物主代词后 不用跟。 名词性物主代词含义=形容词性物主代词+名词的 含义 2 形 容 词 性 物 主 代 词 my our your his her its their 名 词 性 物 主 代 词 mine ours yours
6、 his hers its theirs 我的我 们 的 你 的 ， 你 们 的 他 的 她 的 它 的 他 们 的 This is my book. = This book is mine. This is his bag. = This bag is his. Your watch is old, but hers is new. Thanksgiving is my favourite festival. We say Thank you for our food, family and friends. 四、 疑问词 who 谁what 什么when 什么时候 what time 几点
7、 where 哪 里why 为 什么how 怎 样 how much 多少 how many 多 少how old 多 大 whose 谁的 what colour 什么颜色how long 多长 1.对人物提问用who Who gave it to you? Simon s family gave it to me. Who can help me? I can help you. 2.对事物或做某事提问用what What do you want? I want a hot dog. What are you doing? I am reading a book. What are you
8、 going to study? I m going to study English. What are you going to do? We re going to walk around the lake. What s it about? It s about animals. 3.对时间提问用when When are you going to eat? We re going to eat at half past twelve. When was he born? He was born in 1809. 4.对点钟提问用what time What time is it? I
9、t s twelve. What time do you get up? I get up at six o clock. 5.对地点提问用where Where was he born? He was born in France. Where are you? I am on the train. Where s your mum? She s at the supermarket. 6.对原因提问用why Why are you wearing a raincoat? Because it s going to rain. 7.对身体状况或方式提问用how How are you? I
10、m fine. 3 How are you going to go to school? I m going to go to school by bus. 8.对价钱或不可数名词的数量提问用how much How much is it? It s thirteen dollars and twenty-five cents. How much milk do you want? I want two bottles of milk. 9.对可数名词的数量提问用how many How many books are there on the desk? There are three boo
11、ks on the desk. 10.对年龄提问用how old How old are you? I m twelve. 11.对“某人的”提问用whose Whose cap is this? It s Amy s cap. Whose pen is that? It s his pen. 12.对颜色提问用what colour What colour is it? It s black. 13.对星期提问用what day What day is it today? It s Monday. 14.How long is it? It s about six thousand seve
12、n hundred kilometers. 特殊疑问句语序：疑问词+ 一般疑问句语序？ 例： How do you go to school? 疑问词（做主语）+ 谓语动词 + ? 例： Who gave it to you? 五时态 1.一般过去时 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 经常与表示过去的时间连用。如yesterday（昨 天）, last week （上周）, last month （上个月） , last year（去年） , two months ago（两个月前）等。 构成： (1)肯定句：主语 +动词过去式 + He made a video. 否定句：主语 +d
13、idnt + 动词原形 + He didn t make a video. 一般疑问句：Did +主语 +动词原形 + .? Did he make a video? (2) be 动词用was, were . 否定句在was, were 后加 not. 一般疑问句把was, were 提前到句首。 She was born in America. She was not born in America. Was she born in America? 2. 现在进行时 表示现在正在进行的动作 构成：主语 +am /is / are+ 现在分词 + The birds are singing
14、 in the trees. 否定句在 am /is / are后加 not. The birds are not singing in the trees. 一般疑问句把am /is / are提前到句首。 Are the birds singing in the trees? 3.一般将来时 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。 经常与表示将来的时间连用。如tomorrow (明天 ), next week（下周） , next year（明年）等。 构成： (1) 主语 + will + 动词原形 + He will pick up the apples. 否定句在 will 后加
15、 not. He will not pick up the apples. 一般疑问句把will 提前到句首。 Will he pick up the apples? (2) 主语 + be going to + 动词原形 + We are going to study French. 否定句在 am /is / are后加 not. We are not going to study French. 一般疑问句把am /is / are提前到句 4 首。 Are you going to study French? 4. 一般现在时 表示经常性，习惯性的动作或存在的状态。 构成： （1）主语
16、 +am /is / are+ 否定句在 am /is / are后加 not. 一般疑问 句把 am /is / are提前到句首。 Helen Keller is a model for blind people and for you and me. (2) 肯定句：主语 +动词原形 + The ducks like it. 否定句：主语 +dont +动词原形 + The ducks don t like it. 一 般 疑 问 句 ： Do +主 语 +动 词 原 形 + .? Do the ducks like it? (3) 肯定句：主语 (三单 )+动词第三人称单数 形式 + He li
