独立主格结构.

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1、His friends to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner. Because his friends will come tonight. Everyone having sat down, the teacher began his class. After everyone had sat down. Thousands of eyes fixed upon him, Nick felt on edge. Because thousands of eyes were fixed upon him.,Grammar,Absolut

2、e Nominative Structure 独立主格结构,【独立主格结构的概念】,独立主格结构是一种特殊的结构,可以理解为一个在句中做 的短语,用于修饰整个句子,它是一个简单句,句中只有一个主语。其位置灵活,可位于句前、句中或句末,常由逗号将其与句子分开。需特别注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 独立主格结构主要有两部分构成:逻辑主语和逻辑谓语。 作为逻辑主语 ;现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语等作为逻辑谓语。,状语,名词或代词,His friends to come tonight so he is busy preparing the din

3、ner. Everyone having sat down and the teacher began his class. Thousands of eyes were fixed upon him so Nick felt on edge.,T or F,并列连 fanboys,独立主格结构具有两个特点: 1. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独 立存在。 2. 独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。,独立主格结构有三种类型: 1. 逻辑主语+非谓语动词(不定式、现在分词、过去分词) 非谓语动词独立主格结构 2. 逻辑主语+(being)+表语(名词、形容词、副词、介词短语) 无动词

4、独立主格结构 3. with/without + 复合宾语 (不定式、现在分词、过去 分词、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词) with的复合结构,(一)非谓语动词独立主格结构 逻辑主语+非谓语动词 (不定式、现在分词、过去分词),1. “名词/代词+不定式”结构,由不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的动作 或状态,在句中常作 ,偶尔作 。,e.g. His friends to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.,e.g. No one to wake me up, I might be late for the first cla

5、ss.,原因状语,条件状语,他朋友今晚要来,所以正忙着准备晚餐呢,如果没人叫醒我,我会错过第一节课的。,(相当于状语从句:because .will .),(相当于条件状语从句:if no. woke me .),2. “名词/代词+现在分词”结构,该结构在句中常作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、方式或伴随状语等。现在分词通常表示动作正在进行(或表示主动)。有时现在分词不表示进行,而表示一般情况的状态或动作。,(1) 作 状语: Everyone having sat down, the teacher began his class. 每个人都坐好后,老师开始上课。 (相当于时间状语从句: A

6、fter everyone had sat down),(2) 作 状语: The boy leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest. 由那个男孩带路,我们没有困难就走出了森林。 (相当于原因状语从句: Because the boy led the way),时间,原因,2. “名词/代词+现在分词”结构,(3) 作 状语: My health allowing, I will work far into the night. 我的健康许可的话,我愿工作到深夜。,(4) 作 状语: The students ar

7、e walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest. 学生们快乐地在学校里走着,每个人胸前都带着一张卡。,条件,方式或伴随,(相当于并列句:and each wears a card .),(相当于条件状语从句:If my health allows),3. “名词/代词+过去分词”结构,该结构在句中常作 时间状语、原因状语、方式或伴随状语、条件状语等。过去分词通常表示被动意义或完成意义。,(1) 作 状语: The test finished, well have our summer voca

8、tion. 考试结束以后,我们将开始暑假了。,(2) 作 状语: Thousands of eyes fixed upon him, Nick felt on edge. 上千只眼睛看着他,尼克感到紧张。,时间,原因,(相当于时间状语从句:After the test is finished.),(相当于原因状语从句:Because .eyes were fixed upon him.),(3) 作 状语: When in trouble, Sam would sit alone, head bent. 萨姆遇到麻烦时,总是独自坐着,头低着。,3. “名词/代词+过去分词”结构,(4) 作 状

9、语: More time given, we can finish the work. 如果给我们更多的时间,我们就能完成这项工作。,方式或伴随,条件,(相当于并列句 and his head was bent .),(相当于条件状语从句:If more time is given to us .),【综合比较三种非谓语动词独立主格结构】,1. 名词或代词+不定式 其中的不定式通常表示即将要发生的动作。,2. 名词或代词+现在分词 其中的现在分词通常表示动作正在进行(或表示主动)。有时现在分词不表示进行,而表示一般情况的状态或动作。,3. 名词或代词+过去分词 其中的过去分词通常表示被动意义或

10、完成意义。,Their room was on the third floor, its window overlooking the sports ground. 他们的房间在三层楼上,窗户俯视着操场。,1 、The manager looks worried,many things to settle. 经理看上去很着急, 有这么多的事情要处理。 (事情还没有处理,而且是由经理本人来处理,用不定式to settle将来与主动) 2 、The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of

11、 his chest. 学生们快乐地在学校里走着,每个人胸前都带着一张卡。 (每个人胸前都带着一张卡进行与主动) 3 、Their room was on the third floor, its window overlooking the sports ground. 他们的房间在三层楼上,窗户俯视着操场。 (窗户俯视着操场一般情况的状态或主动),【综合比较三种非谓语动词独立主格结构】,4、The manager looks relaxed, many things settled. 许多事情已经处理好了, 经理看上去很轻松。 (事情已经处理好了,用动词-ed形式settled表示动作已经

12、结束完成与被动) 5、The food cooked, the boy went to bed. 饭做好了,小孩去睡了。 (两个动作有先后,饭已做好,小孩才去睡觉的完成与被动),【综合比较三种非谓语动词独立主格结构】,1. A new technique _, the production increased by 20 percent. A. to have been worked out B. having worked out C. working out D. having been worked out 2. There are various kinds of metals, ea

13、ch _ its own properties (特性). A. has B. had C. to have D. having,【当堂检测】,3. _, Ill go there with you tomorrow afternoon. A. Time permits B. If time permitting C. Time permitting D. Times permitting 4. _, we all went home happily. A. Goodbye was said B. Goodbye had been said C. Goodbye said D. When go

14、odbye said 5. She stood there, _ from her cheeks. A. tears rolling down B. tears rolled down C. with tears rolled down D. tears rolling down,【当堂检测】,1. 逻辑主语+非谓语动词 (不定式、现在分词、过去分词) 2. 逻辑主语+(being)+表语(名词、形容词、副词、介词短 语) 3. with/without + 复合宾语 宾语+宾语补足语 (不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词、介词短语),非谓语动词独立主格结构,复习,独立主格结构有三种类型

15、:,无动词独立主格结构,with的复合结构,(二)无动词独立主格结构,英语中常用的还有一类无动词独立主格结构。这种结 构往往看作是“名词/代词+being+表语”结构中省略了 being,主要有如下几种情况:,1. 逻辑主语+名词 Many people come to visit the city , . 很多人来参观这个城市,其中大多数是外国人。 I received many Christmas gifts, . 我收到了很多圣诞礼物,其中一些是书籍。,2.逻辑主语+形容词 He turned to me, his eyes sleepy. 他睡眼惺忪地转向我。 (his eyes和sleepy之间省去了being),most of them foreigners,some of them books,3. 逻辑主语+副词 School over, we all went home. 放学了,我们都回家了。 (school和over之间省去了being) , I cant focus my mind on the work. 音乐开着,我不能专心工作。,(二)无动词独立主格结构,4. 逻辑主语+介词短语 , it is going to rain soon. 天空黑云密布,很快就要下雨。,The music on,Dark clouds in the sky,注意: 1.

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