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1、Surfactants for Emulsion Polymerization EP-Surfactants - FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY - DO NOT DISTRIBUTE- Formulation Technologies Asia 1 / 25 Surfactants (Basics) “Tail”“Head” Hydrophobic Molecule Parts C12H25 - aryl“ INTERN 2 / 25 憎水性基团 憎水基团的尾部 Surfactants (Basics) “Head” Hydrophilic Molecule Parts phos
2、phate“ - 3 / 25 亲水性基团 亲水性基团的头部 A typical polymerlatex formulation consists of: ? Water35 - 70 % ? Emulsifier0.5 - 3 % ? Monomers30 - 65 % ? Initiator0.1-0.5 % ? Buffer0 - 1 % Emulsion Polymerisation (Basics) INTERN 4 / 25 乳液聚合典型举例： 水 乳化剂 单体 催化剂 过程控制剂 ? ? provide colloid stability for growing and fin
3、al particles, primarily determine particle size and its distribution, further influences on: e.g. latex viscosity mechanical stability and freeze-thaw stability process capability (e.g. filterable solids) To put it simple: -Anionics are primarily used to run the polymerization reaction (micelle form
4、ation determine particle size). -Non-ionics are primarily used to stabilize the polymer emulsion. Emulsion Polymerisation (Basics) INTERN ? Emulsifier (Surfactants) 5 / 25 乳化剂 乳化剂在乳液聚合形 成与最终的性能中有 着很重要的作用，不 仅是在粒径与分散 性，而且在粘度、力 学稳定性、冻融性等 应用过程指标中起着 决定性作用 阴离子表面活性剂通常参预乳液反应，决定乳液的分子粒径大小 非离子表面活性剂用于控制乳液的稳定性。
5、Monomers Emulsifiers Initiator Water Latex particle T = 80 C Binders for : ? Paper ? Paints ? Adhesives ? Textile ? Construction 1,5% Acrylate, Styrene, Vinylacetate. Latex properties directly influenced by the emulsifiers used : ? Solid content ? Particle size ? Coagulate ? Viscosity ? Surface tens
6、ion ? Electrolyte stability ? Shear stability ? Freeze-thaw stability ? Film quality ? Water resistance ? Foam behaviour INTERN Emulsion Polymerisation (Basics) 6 / 25 单体 催化剂 乳化剂 应用于： 造纸 油漆 胶粘剂 纺织 建筑 表面活性剂直接影响 乳液的以下性能： 固含量 粒径 凝胶 粘度 表面张力 电解质稳定性 剪切稳定性 冻融稳定性 成膜性 拒水性 泡沫 3,5 nm 5 nm 103 nm = surfactant m
7、olecule micelle MM M M M M M M momomer droplet monomer solubilisation in the micelle M swollen micelle latex particle 102 nm M= monomer molecule I = initiator molecule . . I +I I . Air Water Emulsion Polymerisation (Basics) Surfactants form micelles with a spherical structure in aqueous phases. This
8、 is the location where the radical polymerization reaction takes place *micelle “3-D view“ 7 / 25 3D 效果图 表面活性剂在水相中形成 胶束这是由乳液自由聚 合反应所决定的。 Emulsion Polymerisation (Basics) LatexElectron micrograph of an all-acrylic latex : 8 / 25 电子显微镜下所拍摄的丙烯酸乳液乳液 9 Polymerization behaviour: end: homogeneous latex, on
9、ly slight coagulation on the wall, due to evaporation of water on the hot surface end: strong coagulation on the surface and on the stirrer due to insufficient stabilization Emulsion Polymerisation (Basics) 9 / 25 聚合过程 均相乳液：只有轻微的乳液附着在 壁上，这是由于热表面的水分蒸发 表面凝聚，和搅拌不充分形成的 Type of latexMain MonomersEnd-use
10、applications Pure Acrylic LatexMMA, BA, 2-EHAPaint, PSA, Adhesive, Textile Styrene Acrylic LatexStyrene, BA, MMA, 2-EHA Paint, Textile, Construction, Ink Vinyl Acetate/Acrylic Latex Vinylacetate, BA, 2-EHA Paint, Adhesive, Paper coatings, Textile E-PVC LatexVinylchloride Flooring/wallcovering, sarti
11、ficial leather, automotive application, gloves SB LatexStyrene, Butadiene Paper coatings (75%), Carpet backcoatings NBR Latex Acrylonitrile, Butadiene, Carboxylic acid Nitrile Gloves Application Areas for EP- Surfactants 10 / 25 纯丙烯酸 乳液 苯乙烯丙 烯酸乳胶 醋酸乙烯/ 丙烯酸胶乳 丙烯腈，丁二烯， 羧酸 苯乙烯，丁二烯 氯乙烯 醋酸乙烯酯 苯乙烯 Applica
12、tion Areas for EP Surfactants (recommendation guideline) 11 / 25 Application Areas for EP Surfactants (recommendation guideline) 12 / 25 Disponil Emulan Emulphor Lutensit Lutensol High Performance Surfactants for Emulsion Polymerisation Product Portfolio (legacy Cognis / legacy BASF) 13 / 25 Alkyl s
13、ulfates INTERN 42C12/14 Triethanolamine Lauryl Sulfate Disponil TLS 42 27C16/18 Oleyl Cetyl Sulfate, Sodium-saltDisponil OCS 27 28C12/16 Sodium Lauryl SulfateDisponil SLS 103 95C12 Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate,Granules Disponil SDS G 30C12Sodium Dodecyl SulfateDisponil SDS 30 15 C12 Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
14、Disponil SDS 15 33C8/14Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate33Disponil ALS 33 47C8 -2-EH 2-Ethyl Hexyl Sulfate, Sodium-salt 47Texapon EHS Product NameAlkyl Chain Abbreviation/ Chemistry Active, % R- OSO3-Na+, (NH4+) Features/Benefits Basic surfactants Excellent particle size control Foaming agents (e.g. for carpe
15、t backing, textile) Shorter C-chain trends to provide higher CMC (bigger/broader particle size, less stability, and less foam tendency). 14 / 25 2 - 乙基己基硫酸 盐，钠 - 盐 月桂基硫酸铵 十二烷基硫酸钠 十二烷基硫酸三 乙醇胺 月桂基硫酸钠 油十六烷基硫酸钠，盐 特性/ 优点 基本表面活性剂 优良的粒度控制 发泡剂（例如，用于地毯背衬，纺织） C-链越短趋势，以提供更高的CM C （更大/ 更广泛的颗粒大小，稳定性较差，泡沫少的趋势） 。 烷
16、基硫酸盐 Alkylbenzene sulfonates INTERN 55Disponil LDBS 55 25Disponil LDBS 25 T 19Linear Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonaten - DodecylDisponil LDBS 19 Active, %Product Name 55Lutensit A-LBA 98Lutensit A-LBS Alkyl Chain Abbreviation / Chemistry n - Dodecyl n - Dodecyl n - Dodecyl n - Dodecyl Linear Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate Linear Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonic Acid Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate, Amine C1
