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1、The complement,Defining the complement,补语（complement）是一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子成分。补足主语意义的句子成分叫作主语补语（subject complement），补足宾语意义的句子成分叫宾语补语（object complement）。,the classify of the complement,定语分前置定语和后置定语一般修饰一个名词。 定语的一般表现形式是形容词或词组或短语。 判断的标准主要是看它在句子中的位置和修饰的句子的哪个成分。,如：I saw a nice TV set. 这里nice 修饰TV set ，那它就是定语,补语
2、的全称叫宾语补足语，补语一般是对事物的补充说明分宾语补足语表语补足语也就是说一定要有宾语，判断的标准主要是看它在句子中的位置和修饰的句子的哪个成分。 如：I think the TV set very nice. 这里面nice就是TV set的补语，,For example:,a.I am in Naning.这里的in Najing 是主语补语。 b.I live in Najing.这里的in Najing是一个副词。 a.He is her husband.这里的her husband是补语。 b.She loves her husband.这里的her husband是宾语。,1.
3、形容词用作主语时常置于主语之前，后有逗号。如： （1）Tired and sleepy,I went to bed.我又累又困，就去睡了。 （2）Steady and punctual, he started writing and left off at the same hours each day. 他持续而准时，每天皆按时开始和停止写作。 有时亦可置于主语之后，前后皆有逗号，与非限定性定语相识。如： （3）The man,cruel beyond belief ,didnt listen to their pleadings. 那人不可置信的残酷，不听取他们的恳求。 （4）Chen,o
4、nly 1.3 meters tall,won her third gold when she triumphed in the individual floor exercises. 陈只有1.3米高，却在个人自由体操中获得成功而第三次夺得金牌。,主语补语亦常置于谓语动词之后，全局形成“主+谓+主补”结构。如： Maggie gaped round-eyed. 玛吉目瞪口呆。 Are you ill all right?You act strange . 你病了吗？你有点异乎寻常呀。 主语补语在被动句中应放在被动语态之后。如： He was found dead. 他被发现死了。（在主动句中
5、dead是宾语补语） 主语补语亦可放在宾语之后，全句形成“主+谓+宾+主补”结构。如： He got off the bench very nervous. 他很不安的从长凳上下来。 She gazed at him speechless for a moment. 她无言凝视了他一会。 上诉谓语和谓语之后的主语补语之前皆不用逗号。但如与主语的关系比较松散，主语补语之前亦可用逗号。如： Her gaze travelled round, irresolute. 她犹豫不决，向四周凝视。,大部分是形容词作主语补语，但除此外，还有名词，数词，不定时，分词， 介词短语，从句等。如： He was c
6、alled Oliver Barret. 他叫奥利夫.巴雷特。（名词用作主语补语） He was seen to go upstairs. 有人看见他上楼了。（不定时短语作主语补语） Starting as a street vender, he is now general manger of a trading corporation in beijing. 他原来是一个街道摊贩，现在则是北京一家贸易公司的总经理。（现在分词短语作主语补语） He came home quite changed. 他回到家时已完全变了。（过去分词）、 He came home out of humour.
7、他回到家时很不高兴。（介词短语作主语补语）,有时用作主语补语的名词，代词，形容词，分词等之前加上介词as，意义不变。 As a true friend he stood by me to the end . 作为我的真挚朋友，他助我一直到底。 He is a model worker and he is respected as such. 他是一位模范工作者，并因此受到尊重。 Even as a young boy ,he was regarded as very promising. 他早在少年时代已被认为将大有作为。 The successful enterprise will go d
8、own in local history as repesenting the best that our town can do . 这项企业将以本市的楷模而永垂于本市的历史。,作用：对宾语（的状态，特征，动作）进行补充说明,The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing. You must get your hair cut.,The boy fell asleep with the lights on. They made Mike captain. When she got off the bus, the girl found her pocke
9、t picked. We think it necessary to master a foreign language. They painted the wall white.,She found him a very clever boy. 名词做宾补 He had a stange way of making his class lively and interesting. 形容词做宾补 Last Sunday I saw you out with your sister. 副词做宾补,To her surprise, she found herself in a different
10、 world. 介词短语做宾补 I saw him doing his homework when I passed his window. 现在分词 I was absent-minded when I heard my name called. 过去分词,常见的宾补形式,The villagers did not allow them to build a factory there.,不定式做宾补,省略 to 的不定式 We saw the car stop. I made him change his mind 被动语态: The car was seen to stop. He wa
11、s made to change his mind. 感官动词:see watch notice look at observe feel hear listen to 使役动词: make let have,一感二听三让四观看 一感：feel 二听：hear, listen to 三让：let, have, make 四观看：observe, see, watch, look at,注意: it 做形式宾语,结构： 主+谓语+ it +宾补+真正宾语 I found it pleasant to be with your family. We think it out duty that w
12、e should help the poor.,Choose the best answers.,Dont leave the water _while you brush your teeth. (天津2019) A. run B. running C. being run D. to run,The teacher asked us _so much noise. (北京2019) A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make,An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers ha
13、d been ordered _ clear warnings before firing any shots. (上海2019) A. to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued,The maid is coming today. Well have her _ the windows. A, washed B, to washing C, to wash D, wash,We found many old people _ at the back of the house, smoking and talking.
14、A, sat B, sit C, seat D, seated,E sitting,卫兵命令我们立即离开。 痛苦使得他叫喊起来。 我从来没看见这个字这样用过 我想乘船去那里更舒服些。 我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。,The guards ordered us to leave at once. The pain made him cry out. I have never seen the word used that way before. I think it more comfortable to go there by ship. I thought it no use talking with that man.,thank you,
