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1、英语口译教程Lecture One: An Overview,Lecturers: YU Hongliang, Xu Zhan, Zhang Yan, Tang Lei,Interpretation Course,Course Objectives: Introduces learners to skills and processes required to produce consecutive interpretations. Focuses on developing basic cognitive, semantic, and dual tasking abilities requi
2、red to interpret rehearsed and/or spontaneous texts. Train learners to incorporate semantic choice, register, and ethical behavioral decisions and understand how they impact their interpretations. Time allotment: 1 semester (36 periods); two periods per week,Unit 0,Types of interpreting A Brief hist
3、ory of conference interpreting as a modern profession What Makes A Good Interpreter? Professional Code of Conduct,Types of Interpreting,Conference Interpreting: Simultaneous /Consecutive Most frequently used for large conferences or meetings, simultaneous interpreting requires that the linguist “tra
4、nslate” what the speaker is saying, as they speak. Thus, the interpreter is both listening and speaking at the same time. This takes intense concentration; simultaneous interpreters often work in teams, taking breaks every 30 minutes or so. Simultaneous interpreting generally requires equipment such
5、 as microphones, headsets, and in some instances booths.,Consecutive Interpreting,Most appropriate in a smaller setting, the speaker will speak for a few minutes (a few paragraphs), then pause. The interpreter takes notes and then translates the speakers message during the pause. The key element in
6、consecutive interpreting is note taking: the interpreter must record ideas and then translate them back into the words of another language without pause.,Escort Interpreting Another form of consecutive interpreting is often called escort interpreting. If you are hosting a delegation of visitors from
7、 another country, you may want to use the services of an escort interpreter for meeting clients at the airport, city tours, and shopping excursions. Escort interpreters generally translate informal conversations.,A Brief history of conference interpreting as a modern profession,The oldest and younge
8、st profession. At the time the course was founded, conference interpreter training was still in its infancy with the first simultaneous interpretation having been used after World War II at the Nuremburg Trials (English, French, Russian and German). In the interwar years consecutive interpretation a
9、lone was provided at International gatherings, such as at meetings of the League of Nations in Geneva where English and French were used.,The first interpreters were not trained but entered the profession on the strength of their mastery of languages, prodigious memory, and their impressively broad
10、cultural background. Some of the legendary figures of the world of interpreting include Jean HERBERT, Andr KAMINKER and Prince Constantin ANDRONIKOF, who was personal interpreter to Gnral de Gaulle and one of the founders of AIIC, which was established in 1953. With the setting up of international a
11、nd European organizations (United Nations-1945, Council of Europe-1949, European Community-1957) there was a growing need for a much larger number of trained professionals. To meet this continuing challenge, the course has expanded and now encompasses the languages of the European Union including ac
12、cession countries and the UN family.,Two historical events stimulated the development of the profession. The Paris Peace Conference of 1919; The Nuremberg Trials of Nazi war criminals. The symbols of the formal establishment of conference interpretation as a profession: The first interpreting school
13、 was set up in 1950 in Geneva, Switzerland; AIIC, the International Association of Conference Interpreters, was founded on Nov. 11, 1953 with its Secretariat in Geneva.,Interpreting, as an internationally recognized profession, began to take shape only around the turn of the twentieth century. Chron
14、ologically, Consecutive Interpreting (CI) antedates Simultaneous Interpreting (SI). The Paris Peace Conference of 1919 was conventionally cited as consecutive interpreting official debut . Between the two World Wars, consecutive interpreting had predominant status.,The first attempt to introduce SI
15、was made shortly before the Second World War. SI was first patented as a technique by IBM in 1926, and its first implementation (in whisper form) was at Geneva in a tentative form in 1927 and, on a larger scale, in the former USSR in 1928 for the Sixth Congress of Comintern. However, it was during t
16、he Nuremberg trials of the Nazi war criminals, which were conducted in English, French, Russian, and German that real full-scale simultaneous interpretations was first used. From 1947 onward, simultaneous interpretation had come to stay at the United Nations.,In the years after the Second World War, with the establishment of the United Nations (UN), European Union (EU), Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and many other international organs, there was a growing need for
