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1、Translation of Passive Voice,语态转换 约定俗成,2,1,2,3,英汉被动语态差异,英语被动语态翻译方法与技巧,汉译英被动结构翻译方法与技巧,Contents,3,2.1 译成被动句 2.2 译成主动句 2.2.1 保留原主语不变 2.2.2 添加主语 2.2.3 主宾颠倒 2.3 译成汉语判断句(是的) 2.4 译成汉语无主句 2.5 固定结构惯译法 2.6 其他译法 综合练习及参考译文,课堂互动 1,课堂互动 2,课堂互动 3,课堂互动 4,2、英语被动语态翻译方法与技巧,课堂互动 5,4,3、汉译英被动结构翻译方法与技巧,3.1 有形式标记的被动结构 3.2
2、不带形式标记的被动结构 3.3 汉译英被动结构译法补充说明 3.3.1 补充说明1 3.3.2 补充说明2 3.3.3 补充说明3 综合练习及参考译文,5,1、关于这个问题,已经说得很多了。 2、对这一问题迄今尚未进行过彻底的探索。,1、英汉被动语态差异,1. Much has been said on this question.,2. The issue has not yet been thoroughly explored.,6,1.1 构成形式上 1)英语被动构成:“be+Ved” 2)汉语被动构成:无固定动词词形变化,多靠“被”等词表示。分为两种,即有形式标志(被/给/让/遭)的被
3、动句和无形式标志的被动句。 1.2 使用频度上 英语特别是科技英语中运用被动语态的频率明显高于汉语。,1、英汉被动语态差异,7,1.1 构成形式上 1.2 使用频度上 1.3 运用被动的倾向上: 英语常用结构被动式,少用意义被动式(形式主动,意义被动)。 汉语则常用意义被动式,少用结构被动式。,1、英汉被动语态差异,对这一问题迄今尚未进行过彻底的探索。,The issue has not yet been thoroughly explored.,8,英汉语态转换翻译时,一些句子仍需保持原来的(被动)语态,但多数情况下不能总是恪守原句语态,而应以多种方式翻译。,2、英语被动语态翻译方法与技巧,
4、9,2. 1. 译成被动句,A. 译成 “被、叫、让、由、令、使、经/为所、 予(以)、加(以)、引以” “挨/给/遭/受” (受:中性;挨/给:多贬义(不利/不好之意),1)Vitamin C is destroyed when it is overheated.,2)He was pitied rather than disliked.,【译文】 维生素C受热过度就会被破坏。,【译文】 他让人可怜,而不是令人讨厌。,2、英语被动语态翻译方法与技巧,10,“挨”仅用于翻译该动作是对动作接受者(受事者)不利或不好的句子。 3)The boy was criticized yesterday.
5、【译文】这孩子昨天挨了一顿批评。,顺译成被动句,4) Other processes will be discussed briefly. 【译文】其他方法将简单地加以讨论。,11,5)Our clothes were soaked with sweat.,“给”/遭到: 多翻译该动作对动作接受者/受事者不愉快或不愿接受的句子。,【译文】我们的衣服给汗水湿透了。,顺译成被动句,6) A lot of houses and buildings, roads and bridges were damaged in the seaquake.,译文许多房屋建筑、道路桥梁在这次海啸中遭到破坏。,12,
6、7) It must be dealt with at the appropriate time with appropriate means.,【译文】这件事必须在适当的时候用适当的手段予以处理。,顺译成被动句,8)The atomic theory was not accepted until the last century.,【译文】原子学说直到上世纪才为人们所接受。,13,课堂互动1: 译成被动句。,1Those who perform deeds of merit will be rewarded. 【译文】立功的人将受到奖励。,14,2. It need not be said
7、that all factors must be taken into consideration. 【译文】不用说,所有因素都必须考虑在内。 (谓语分译),课堂互动1: 译成被动句。,15,1)Love can not be forced. 【译文】爱情不能强求。,2. 2 译成主动句,A. 保持原主语不变,2)Illness must be correctly diagnosed before they can be treated with medicine. 【译文】疾病必须先确诊,再用药。,16,1)My holidays afternoons were spent in rambl
8、e about the surrounding country.,2)Little Tom should love to be taken to the theatre this evening.,一些英语被动句并未出现动作施事者,汉译时可适 当增添不确定的主语,如“人们”、“有人”、“大家”、 “我们”等;或改变句中其他成分做主语。,【译文】如果今晚有人带小汤姆去看戏,他一定会很高兴。,【译文】每逢假日的下午,我总要漫步周围的乡村。,B. 添加主语,2. 2 译成主动句,17,3)The issue has not yet been thoroughly explored.,B. 添加主语,
9、【译文】人们对这一问题迄今尚未进行过彻底的探索。,2. 2 译成主动句,18,2. 2. 1 把 原文by 后的宾语倒译成主语,1)At least two quarts of water are required daily by a normal individual. 【译文】一个正常的人每天至少需要两夸脱的水。,2) Your car was towed away by a towing truck from Lewis Company.,【译文】路易斯公司的一辆拖车把你的汽车给拖走了。,C. 主宾颠倒,2. 2 译成主动句,19,1)Abundant exercises and pr
10、oblems are provided in this reference book.,2. 2. 2 把其他介词后的宾语倒译成主语,【译文】这本参考书提供了大量的练习和问题。,20,英语被动句汉译成主动句小结,A. 保持原主语不变 B. 添加主语 C. 主宾颠倒,21,课堂互动2:译成主动句。,1. We are deeply touched by the heros loyalty to the cause.,【译文】我们深为英雄忠于事业的精神所感动。,22,课堂互动2: 译成主动句。,2)What we say here will not be long remembered, but
11、what we do here can change the world.,【译文】我们在这里所讲的话,人们不会长久记住。然而我们在这儿所做的事,却能改变世界。,23,2.3 译成 “是的” 判断句,有些英语被动句并不突出强调被动动作,而着重对事物状态、过程和性质等加以描述,汉译时可 译成 “是的”的判断句式。,1)That ridiculous idea was put forward by his brother. 【译文】这个怪念头是他哥哥想出来的。,24,2)The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard Univer
12、sity in 1872. 【译文】美国的学分制是1872年在哈佛大学首先 实施的。,2.3 译成 “是的” 判断句式,25,1. Printing was introduced into Europe from China. 【译文】印刷术是从中国传入欧洲的。,课堂互动3:翻译下列句子 。,26,1)Quality of products must be guaranteed first. 【译文】首先要确保产品的质量。 2)The goods are urgently needed. 【译文】急需此货。,原文中未提及动作执行者(施事者) 不需要或无法说出行为主体, 翻译时常译成动宾结构的无
13、主句。,2. 4 译成汉语无主句,27,3)When travelling, you are advised to take travelers checks, which provide a secure alternative to carrying your money in cash. 【译文】旅游时建议你用旅行支票,这比带现金安全。 4)Children should be taught to speak the truth. 【译文】应该教育儿童讲真话。,2. 4 译成动宾结构的无主句,28,课堂互动4:翻译下列句子 。,Measures have been taken to pr
14、event the epidemic from spreading quickly.,【译文】已经采取了措施来防止这种流行病迅速蔓延。,29,课堂互动4:翻译下列句子 。,2The students should be enabled to develop morally, intellectually and physically in an all-round way.,【译文】必须使学生在德育、智育、体育方面得到全面发展。,30,2. 5 固定结构惯译法(Habitual Translation),2. 5. 1 “It + be + V-ed + that. ” 结构,2. 5. 2
15、“S + be + v-ed + to do” 结构,31,1)It is pointed that there may be as many as 100, 000 different sorts of proteins in a mans body.,【译文】有人指出人体内不同种类的蛋白质可多达10万种。,2. 5. 1 “It + be + V-ed + that. ” 结构,2)It is generally considered that it is not advisable to act that way.,【译文】大家认为这样做是不妥当的。,32,3) It is well k
16、nown that laughter has a tonic effect on the mind and body, suffusing the body with a feeling of well-being.,【译文】人们(大家)知道/众所周知,笑具有健身作用, 身心皆宜,它可以使人体充满一种愉快的感觉。,2. 5. 1 “It + be + V-ed + that. ”结构,译为以“有人,人们,大家,我们 ”为主语,1)It is pointed that 有人指出 2) It is generally considered that 大家认为 3) It is well known th at 人们(大家)知道,33,译为以“有人,人们,大家,我们 ”为主语,2.5.1 “It + be + V-ed + that. ” 结构惯译法1,It is asked that 有人会问 It is asserted t