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1、1. General Physics 普通物理 1.1 Length and time 长度和时间长度和时间 1. Use and describe the use of rules and measuring cylinders to determine a length or a volume.使用并且描述如何用尺子和量筒测量长度和体积。 2. Use and describe the use of clocks and devices for measuring an interval of time. 使用并且描述如何用钟表和一些仪器测量时间间隔。 3. Use and describ
2、e the use of a mechanical method for the measurement of a small distance. 使用并描述利用机械的方法测量短距离。 4. Measure and describe how to measure a short interval of time (including the period of a pendulum).测量和描述怎样测量一个短时间间隔(包括单摆的周期)。 1.2 Speed, velocity and acceleration 速率,速度,加速度速率,速度,加速度 1. Define speed and cal
3、culate speed from total distance/total time. 定义速率和计算 :速率=总路程/总时间 2. Plot and interpret a speed/time graph or a distance/time graph. 画和解释 速率/时间 图像或者 路程/时间 图像 3. Recognize from the shape of a speed/time graph when a body is (a) at rest, (b) moving with constant speed, or (c) moving with changing speed
4、. 从 速率/时间 图像中辨认出:(a) 静止,(b) 匀速运动和 (c) 变速运动。 4. Calculate the area under a speed/time graph to determine the distance traveled for motion with constant acceleration. 计算 速率/时间 图像中的面积得出匀加速运动的路程。 5. Demonstrate some understanding that acceleration is related to changing speed. 解释加速度和速度的改变量之间的联系。 6. Stat
5、e that the acceleration of free fall for a body near to the Earth is constant. 说明地球表面附近的物体自由降落的加速度是衡定的。 7. Distinguish between speed and velocity. 区分速率和速度。 8. Recognize linear motion for which the acceleration is constant and calculate the acceleration. 认识匀加速的运动并且计算加速度。 9. Recognize motion for which
6、 the acceleration is not constant. 认识非匀加速运动。 10. Describe qualitatively the motion of bodies falling in a uniform gravitational field with and without air resistance (including reference to terminal velocity). 定性的描述计和不计空气阻力物体在均匀重力场中下落的运动(包括设计到末速度。 1.3 Mass and weight 质量和重量质量和重量 1. Show familiarity w
7、ith the idea of the mass of a body. 熟练掌握一个物体的质量的概念。 2. State that weight is a force. 陈述重量是一种力。 3. Demonstrate understanding that weights (and hence masses) may be compared using a balance. 阐明重量(因此质量)可以用天平来比较。 4. Demonstrate an understanding that mass is a property which resists change in motion. 阐明质
8、量是物体阻碍加速度的一种性质 1 / 14 5. Describe, and use the concept of, weight as the effect of a gravitational field on a mass. 描述和利用重力是重力场作用在物体上的效果的概念。 1.4 Density 密度密度 1. Describe an experiment to determine the density of a liquid and of a regularly shaped solid and make the necessary calculation. 描述一个测量液体或者规
9、则形状的固体的密度的实验并做必要的计算。 2. Describe the determination of the density of an irregularly shaped solid by the method of displacement and make the necessary calculation. 描述通过替代法测量一个不规则形状的固体的密度并做必要的计算。 1.5 Force 力力 (a) Effects of forces 力的作用效果力的作用效果 1. State that a force may produce a change in size and sha
10、pe of a body. 说明一个力可以改变一个物体的大小和形状。 2. Plot extension/load graphs and describe the associated experimental procedure. 画 伸长量/力 的图像并描述这个相关实验过程。 3. Describe the ways in which a force may change the motion of a body. 描述力可以怎样改变一个物体的运动。 4. Find the resultant of two or more forces acting along the same line
11、. 求共线的两个或多个力的合力。 10. Interpret extension/load graphs. 解释 伸长量/负荷 的图象。 11. State Hookes Law and recall and use the expression F = k x. 说明胡克定律并记住使用F=kx。 12. Recognize the significance of the term limit of proportionality for an extension/load graph. 从 伸长量/负荷 图像中辨认出正比例限度。 13. Recall and use the relation
12、 between force, mass and acceleration (including the direction). 记住和应用力,质量和加速度之间的关系。(F=ma)。 14. Describe, qualitatively, motion in a curved path due to a perpendicular force (F = mv2 / r is not required). 定性的描述物体在一个垂直力的作用下沿曲线运动。 (b) Turning effect 转动效果转动效果 5. Describe the moment of a force as a meas
13、ure of its turning effect and give everyday examples. 描述力矩是力的转动效果量度并且取例子。 6. Describe, qualitatively, the balancing of a beam about a pivot. 定性的描述一个杆关于支点的平衡。 15. Perform and describe an experiment (involving vertical forces) to verify that there is no net moment on a body in equilibrium. 演示和描述一个实验证明
14、物体在合力矩为零时会保持平衡。 16. Apply the idea of opposing moments to simple systems in equilibrium. 应用反向的力矩简化一个系统的平衡。 (c) Conditions for equilibrium 平衡的条件平衡的条件 7. State that, when there is no resultant force and no resultant turning effect, a system is in equilibrium. 描述当合力为零并且合力矩为零时,系统保持平衡。 (d) Centre of mass
15、 质心质心 8. Perform and describe an experiment to determine the position of the centre of mass of a 2 / 14 plane lamina. 演示和描述一个在几何平面内找出物体质心的实验。 9. Describe qualitatively the effect of the position of the centre of mass on the stability of simple objects. 定性的描述质心的位置对物体稳定的影响。 (e) Scalars and vectors 标量和
16、矢量标量和矢量 17. Demonstrate an understanding of the difference between scalars and vectors and give common examples. 阐明和理解标量和矢量之间的区别并且提出常见的例子。 18. Add vectors by graphical representation to determine a resultant. 通过图像表示求两个矢量的和。 19. Determine graphically a resultant of two vectors. 通过画图求两个矢量的和 1.6 Energy, work and power 能量,功和功率能量,功和功率 (a) Energy能量能量 1. Demonstrate an understanding that an object may have energy due to its motion or its position, and that energy may be