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1、Direct speech,直接引语和间接引语, The boy said ,“I can speak English very well.” 二. 用自己的话加以转述, 这叫间接引语 (Indirect speech). Mary said that Tom had worked there before.,that引导的宾语从句 Jane said that she was very fond of traveling.,陈述句 Jane said, “Im very fond of traveling.”,1.引导词和语序,whether/if 引导的宾语从句 John asked Ma
2、ry if that was her umbrella.,一般疑问句 “Is this your umbrella, Mary?” asked John.,wh-词（疑问词）引导的宾语从句 John asked Mary when she would return him the book.,特殊疑问句 John asked Mary“When will you return me the book?”.,2.时态的变化,She often says that all men and women are equal under the law.,主句动词为一般现在时时从句动词时态不变 She
3、often says, “All men and women are equal under the law.”,一般现在时改为 一般过去时 He said:“I know it.”.,He said that he knew it.,主句动词为一般过去时，时态做相应变化,现在进行时改为过去进行时 “Im making coffee for you all,” she said.,She said she was making coffee for us all.,主句动词为一般过去时，时态做相应变化,现在完成时改为过去完成时 He said “I have seen her before.”
4、.,He said he had seen her before.,主句动词为一般过去时，时态做相应变化,一般过去时改为过去完成时 “I saw her yesterday,” he said.,He said he had seen her the day before.,主句动词为一般过去时，时态做相应变化,过去完成时仍然为过去完成时 Jack said:“ Rick had been ill in bed for many days .”.,Jack said if that Rick had been ill in bed for many days .,主句动词为一般过去时，时态做相
5、应变化,一般将来时改为过去将来时 He said: “We shall start tomorrow.”,He said they would start the next day.,主句动词为一般过去时，时态做相应变化,如何变时态： 直接引语 间接引语,一般现在时 一般将来时 现在进行时 一般过去时 现在完成时 过去完成时,一般过去时 过去将来时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时,例如： 1) She said. “I have lost a pen.” She said she had lost a pen. 2) She said. “We hope so.” She sa
6、id they hoped so. 3) She said. “He will go to see his friend.” She said he would go to see his friend.,由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变:,1. 不变的真理 The teacher said to the students, “Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.” The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls bel
7、ow 0.,2.直接引语中被引述的部分是反复出现的,习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在的,变间接引语时, 时态保持不变。,The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.”, The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.,3.直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时, 时态不变。 Xiao Wang said. “I was born on April 2l, 1980.” Xiao Wang said he was born on April 21,
8、1980.,4. 若直接引语中含有when, since, while等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句,变间接引语时,从句时态不变。如： She said, “I went there when I was six years old.” She said she had gone there when she was six years old.,5. 若直接引语的谓语中含有would, should, might, must, had better等情态动词时。如： She said, “We should help each other.” She said we should help
9、each other.,一随主，二随宾，三不变,He said, “I dont like junk food.” He said he didnt like junk food. She said to Jim: “You will give a speech tomorrow.” She told Jim he would give a speech the next day. He said to her: “Tom can help you.” He told her Tom could help her.,3. 人称变化,4.状语变化： 直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间
10、状语由“现在”改为“原来”例: now变为then, yesterday变为 the day before, today变为that day。 地点状语, 尤其表示方向性的, 或用指示代词修饰的状语, 由“此”改为“彼”,(例: this 改为that), 如： He said, These books are mine. He said those books were his.,由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列代词、形容词、副词、动词等可能要变化,that those then before that day the next/following day,in two days time t
11、he day before the night before two days before go there,5.特殊句式的直接引语和间接引语,祈使句 如果祈使句是表示请求，间接引语的动词常用ask，如果是表示命令，间接引语的动词常用tell, order, command sb. to do sth.等。,不定式 The officer ordered him not to leave his post.,祈使句 The officer said to him, “Dont leave your post.”,that 引导的宾语从句 I suggested him that we (sh
12、ould) start at once. I suggested starting at once.,Lets开头的祈使句变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动名词（或从句）。” I said to him, “Lets start at once.”,that/what/how引导的宾语从句 He said that he was very happy. He said how happy he was.,感叹句 He said: “How happy I am!”,例如: 1.The teacher said to the students, “Dont waste your tim
13、e.” ,The mother asked Tom to get up early.,2.The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”,The teacher told the students not to waste their time.,1. “I like reading adventure stories,” said John. John said that he liked reading adventure stories. 2. “I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friend.
14、 Sarah told her friends that she didnt like computers.,Exercise I,3. “Ann, have you seen my blue notebook?” Peter asked. Peter asked Ann if she had seen his blue notebook. 4. “How can you do that?” Mary said to Ann. Mary asked Ann how she could do that. 5. “What difference does it make?” Peter asked
15、 Jim. Peter asked Jim what difference it made.,1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that _ worried _. A. he lookstoday B. you looktoday C. we lookedthat day D. I lookedthat day,Exercise II,2. We said to her, “Theyre walking through the street now.” We told her that _ through th
16、e street _. A. we were walkingthen B. you are walkingnow C .they were walkingthen D. they walkingnow,3. Mr Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.” Mr Black said that _ a long way _. A. I had walkedlast week B. he had walkedthat week C. I walkedlast week D. he has walkedthis week,4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.” The man thought that _ take
