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1、Reading ComprehensionPassage 1The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private bus
2、inessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual
3、 consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer
4、 demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to
5、 the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consum
6、ers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system. The important factor in a private enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property) , and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resou
7、rces, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private
8、 individual. 11. In Line 11, Para 1, “the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes” means_. A Americans are never satisfied with their incomes B Americans tend to overstate their incomes C Americans want to have their incomes increased D Americans want to increase the purchasing power of thei
9、r incomes 12. The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that_. A producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production B consumers can express their demands through producers C producers decide the prices of products D supply and demand regulate prices 13. According to the passa
10、ge, a private-enterprise economy is characterized by_. A private property and rights concerned B manpower and natural resources control C ownership of productive resources D free contracts and prices 14. The passage is mainly about_. A how American goods are produced B how American consumers buy the
11、ir goods C how American economic system works D how American businessmen make their profits 一、文章结构总体分析本文是一篇介绍美国经济结构的文章，主要论述美国的经济以私营企业为基础、以市场经济为导向。文中反复出现的中心词组是private-enterprise, market-oriented economy system (in America)。第一段：首句是全文的主题，即主要讨论美国经济体制的特点是通过私有企业和市场导向起调节作用。末句是该段的主题它将全文中心思想换了一种方式表达，分析和指出消费者
12、的需求、企业家对最大利润的追求和个人对收入取得最大收益的渴望这三个因素共同决定着生产什么和如何使用资源进行生产。第二段：主题词是price system，首句是该段的主题句，说明市场导向型经济的重要特点之一是价格机制。第三段：说明私营经济的性质和特点，即财产私有，同时还拥有相关权利。二、试题分析11. In Line 11, Para 1, “the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes” means_. 第一段第11行的“个人想最大限度地扩大收入”在文中的含义是_。A Americans are never satisfied wit
13、h their incomes A 美国人从来没有对其收入满意过B Americans tend to overstate their incomesB 美国人往往夸大自己的收入C Americans want to have their incomes increasedC 美国人想让自己的收入得到增加D Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomesD 美国人想提高自己收入的购买力答案 D解析 本题考核的知识点是：句题题。先定位到第一段末句。解题的关键是看对maximize的理解。原文所在句“coupled
14、with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes”将生产者和消费者的愿望对照来说。句中的两个maximize平衡并列，作用、意义完全相同。因此知道maximize在第一处的意义即可知道第二处之意。众所周知，商人总是想用最少的投入取得最大的利润，这就是maximize的意义。由此可知，消费者希望使一定的收入取得最大限度的效益，即用现有收入买到更多更好的商品。而D选项恰是此意。A和B选项未在原文提及。C选项反映的是劳资双方的关系，而不是
15、生产者与消费者之间的关系。12. The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that_. 第二段前两句告诉我们_。A producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production A 生产者可以通过机械化生产满足消费者B consumers can express their demands through producers B 消费者可以通过生产者表达自己的需求C producers decide the prices of products C 生产者决定商品价格D supply and demand regulate pricesD （商品）供求关系决定（商品）价格答案 D解析 本题考核的知识点是：事实细节题。D选项就是该段第二句“prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers”的概括，为正确答案。A选项在这两句中并未涉及。注意文中第一句的mechanism意为“机制”，而该选项中的mec
