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1、Case 2: White Dress Case analysis: The Indian women might think the wedding ceremony is a funeral if they see the western bride in white gown. The case reflects the similes and metaphors in the text. Culture is like an iceberg: we can identify the color of the dress worn by women in different cultur
2、es, but we do not know the values underneath. Culture is like the water a fish swims in: people wear dress of different colors for different context but they usually take it for granted and never ask why. 白色的裙子 案例分析:印度女人可能认为婚礼是一个葬礼,如果他们看到西方新娘白色礼服。案例反映了明喻和隐 喻的文本。文化就像一座冰山:我们可以识别妇女所穿的衣服的颜色在不同的文化,但是我们不知
3、道下面的 值。文化就像水中的鱼游:人们穿着不同颜色的不同的背景,但他们通常是理所当然,从不问为什么。 Case 4: Coconut-skating Case analysis: The case reflects the characteristics of culture. We can tell from the case that culture is pervasive and its learned. People may invent different ways for things even as simple as the issue of floor moping. Th
4、e Philippine woman must have learned this way of mopping from her own culture. Coconut-skating 案例分析:这一事件反映出文化的特点。我们可以告诉从文化无处不在的情况下学习。人们甚至可以创造不 同的东西一样简单的问题地板闷闷不乐。菲律宾女人必须学会了这样的擦自己的文化。 Case 12: Why Dont You Eat the Pizza? This case can reflect the problems appearing during intercultural communication a
5、nd how ignoring cultural differences can affect communication. In Malaysia, where most people are Muslims, people think the left hand is used only for cleaning the body and thus it is dirty and can not be used to pass food. Knowing nothing about the cultural difference, the American student puts him
6、self in an embarrassing situation. 你为什么不吃比萨吗? 这种情况下可以反映出跨文化交流中出现的问题,忽略文化差异如何影响沟通。在马来西亚,大多数人都是 穆斯林,人们认为左手是仅用于清洗身体,因此它是脏的,不能用来传递食物。任何了解文化差异,美国学 生把自己在一个尴尬的局面。 Case 21: A Danish Woman in New York This case can reflect assuming similarity instead of difference. When communicating with people from another
7、 culture, one is likely to regard and treat other people as “his people” and to assume there must be only one way of doing things: that is “his way”. In this case, the Danish woman assumes that her behavior of leaving the baby alone, which is common in Denmark, is also appropriate in New York. Here,
8、 she assumes what is suitable in her own culture is also indisputable in another culture. That is why the small conflict happens. 一个丹麦的女人在纽约 这种情况下可以反映假设相似而不同。当与人交流从另一种文化,一个是可能认为和对待他人是“他的 人”,认为必须有做事的方法只有一个:这是“他的方式” 。在这种情况下,丹麦女人假定她独自离开孩子的 行为,这是常见的在丹麦,在纽约也合适。这里,她认为什么是适合自己的文化在另一种文化也是毋庸置疑 的。这就是为什么会发生小冲突。
9、 Case 23: Girl-ness This case can reflect one of the translation problems: the lack of conceptual equivalence, which refers to abstract ideas that may not exist in the same fashion in different languages. Different cultures may attach different meanings to the same thing or person. Concerning this c
10、ase, we should know what young females call themselves is very different in China from the States. In China, girl means someone who is young and single. In a way, it makes a female sound more desirable to be called a girl rather than a woman. For most people, woman means someone who is married and w
11、ho probably is not young. In fact, most single Chinese females, such as university students, would be insulted to be called women. While in the West, in formal, public settings, it is customary to call any woman who is past puberty a woman, even though she may not be legally old enough to vote, marr
12、y, purchase alcoholic beverages, drive a car, or sign a contract. This terminology became widespread during the womens liberation movement in the 1960s. The term girl is sometimes interpreted to be demeaning or disrespectful. girl-ness 这种情况下可以反映出一个翻译问题:缺乏概念的等价性,指的是抽象的概念,在不同的语言中不存在的以 相同的方式。不同的文化含义是不同
13、的同一件事或人。关于这种情况,我们应该知道什么是年轻女性自称从 美国在中国非常不同。在中国,“女孩”意味着年轻和单身的人。在某种程度上,它让女性声音更可取的被 称为一个女孩而不是女人。对大多数人来说,“女人”是指结婚的人谁可能不年轻。事实上,大多数中国单 身女性,如大学生、会侮辱了被称为“女人” 。而在西方,在正式、公共设置,按照惯例打电话给任何女人过 去的青春期女性,尽管她可能不是合法投票年龄,结婚,购买酒精饮料,开车,或签订合同。这个术语普及在 “1960年代的妇女解放运动” 。 “女孩”一词有时被解释为是贬低或无礼。 Case 25: Success Story One of the s
14、ources of the frustration and misunderstandings that occurred in this case was different notions of what was verbally relevant. In this case, Mary was expecting a much more direct response to her question. Ms. Goshima, however, was uncomfortable with the question and felt her response should be very
15、 indirect and establish a proper sense of modesty before revealing the answer to the question. If Mary had been more patient, she would have eventually heard the answer to her question, but she was not really paying attention when it finally came because she felt that Ms. Goshimas comments werent re
16、ally relevant to her query. 成功的故事 挫折和误解的来源之一,在这种情况下发生不同的口头的观念有关。在这种情况下,玛丽在等更直接回 应她的问题。 Goshima女士是不舒服的问题,觉得她的反应应该非常间接,建立适当的谦逊的品质在暴露的问 题的答案。如果玛丽更有耐心,最终她会听见她的问题的答案,但她没有注意的时候终于到了,因为她觉得 Goshima女士对她的评论并不真正相关查询。 Case 33: Are Americans Indifferent? This case can reflect different nonverbal communication patterns exist in the actual intercultural communication, especially facial expression differ according to different cultures. Compared to most Chinese, Americans like to smile a lot and to have ca
