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1、1、英语句子成分讲解及练习句子成分由词、词组或句子（从句）充当英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)、补语（complement）。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。一： （主谓）1. The sunrose. 2. Who cares? 3. What he said does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. The pen writes smoothl
2、y二： （主系表）1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. Everything looks different. 4. He is growing tall and strong. 5. Our well has gone dry. 6. His face turned red. 三： （主谓宾）1. Who knows the answer? 2. He has refused to help them. 3. He enjoys reading. 4. He said，Good morn
3、ing. 5. He admits that he was mistaken. 四： （主谓间宾直宾）1. She ordered herself a new dress. 2. He brought you a dictionary. 3. I showed him my pictures. 4. I told him that the bus was late. 5. He showed me how to run the machine. 五： （主谓宾宾补）1. The war made him a soldier.2. New methods make the job easy.3.
4、 I often find him at work.4. The teacher asked the students to close the windows.5. I saw a cat running across the road.（一）英语句子成分基础练习(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother las
5、t year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词 I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dontB. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus? A. DoB. usually C.
6、 goD. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will beB. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. DidB. twinsC. have D. breakfast Tom didnt do his homework yesterday. A. TomB. didntC. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is thi
7、s. A. wantB. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor. A. WeB. hadC. send D. doctor He is interested in music. A. isB. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to? A. giveB. did C. whom D. book(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework.AB CD People all over the world spe
8、ak English. AB CD You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. AB CD How many new words did you learn last class? ABC D Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? AB C D The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.A B C D They made him monitor of the class.AB C
9、D Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. A B C D You will find it useful after you leave school. A BCD They didnt know who Father Christmas really is.AB C (四) 挑出下列句中的表语 The old man was feeling very tired. A BC D Why is he worried about Jim? AB C D The leaves have turned yello
10、w. A B CD Soon They all became interested in the subject. A B CD She was the first to learn about it. A BC D定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的单词、短语或句子，译为的。可以作定语的有：数词、形容词性物主代词、形容词、副词、名词、介词结构、不定式、现在分词、过去分词、从句。(五) 挑出下列句中的定语 They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name. A B CD What is your given name?A BCD On the third la
11、p are Class 1 and Class 3.A B CD I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.A B C D The man downstairs was trying to sleep. AB CD I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!AB CD宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在分词，过去分词。(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. A B C
