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1、英语时态分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。,一般时 进行时 完成时 完成进行时 现在 study be studying have studied have been studying 过去 studied be studying had studied had been studying 将来 will study will be studying will have studied will have been studying 过去将来would study would be studying would have studie
2、d would have been studying,1. 一般现在时的特殊考点a. When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, as long as, by the time, if , in case (that), unless, even if , whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately 等引导的时间状语从句，条件句中，用一般现在时代替将来时。e.g. he is going to visit her aunt the day he arr
3、ives in Beijing.b. 表示已安排好的事项、行程等活动。The train leaves at 10 tomorrow.,My dictionary _, I have looked for it everywhere but still_ it. A. has lost, dont find B. is missing, dont find C. has lost, havent found D. is missing, havent found,c.在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等宾语从句中。 Make sure that th
4、e windows are closed before you leave.,My dictionary _, I have looked for it everywhere but still_ it. A. has lost, dont find B. is missing, dont find C. has lost, havent found D. is missing, havent found,c.在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等宾语从句中。 Make sure that the windows are closed before y
5、ou leave.,D. 前句是仍在持续的状态，应用进行时,He said he _ me a present unless I _ in doing the experiment. A. had not given; had not succeeded B. would not give; succeeded c. will not give, succeed d. would not give; will succeed,B. 在时间，条件或让步主语从句中一般不用将来时。本题中有He said, 所以为过去式。主句用将来时。用一般过去式代替了过去将来时。,2. 一般过去时的考点a.表示过去
6、习惯性动作 Used to do过去常常 be used to doing sth习惯于 e.g. He used to visit his mother once a week.（ b. it is (high) time that sb did sth. 该/正是。的时候了e.g. it is time you went to bed.,3. 过去进行时的考点常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。,As she_ the
7、newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read, was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading, was falling D. read, fell,B. as= when, while,4. 现在完成时的考点常用的时间状语有for, since, once, so far, ever, never, just , yet, till/until, up to now, in past/last few years, always, already, recently, lately, today 等。,It is th
8、e first/second timethat结构中的从句部分 It is the first time that I have visited the city.,It was the first time that I had been late.,This is +形容词最高级+that 结构，that从句要用现在完成时。,This is the best movie that I have ever seen.,5.过去完成时的时间状语 Before, by , until, when , after, once, as soon as e.g. By the time he was
9、12, Tom had began to make a living by himself.,had hardlywhen: 还没等就 I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. had no soonerthan刚就He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.,6.将来完成时 will have done e.g. They will have been married for 20 years by then.,7. 现在完成进行时：have/has been doing e.g. She h
10、as been sitting there for more than 2 hours,8.将来完成进行时 shall have been doing ，will have been doing例：By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years.,9.过去完成进行时：had been doing 例：The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year
11、old son before I came back home.,The conference _ a full week by the time it ends.A) must have lasted B) will have lastedC) would last D) has lasted,本题考核谓语动词的时态。全句的意思是：“会议从开始到结束将持续整整一个星期。”句中by the time it ends表示动作要延续到将来某一时刻，因此要用将来完成时。答案是B),Until then, his family _ from him for six months.A) didnt he
12、ar C) hasnt heard B) hasnt been hearing D) hadnt heard,全句的意思是：“到那时为止，他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了。”由此可以看出，谓语动词的动作延续到过去的某一时刻才完成，因此谓语要用过去完成时。答案是D),10.一般将来时 : be+ to do, be about to do e.g. We are to discuss the report next Saturday.,He is about to leave here.,一、独立主格结构的特点 独立主格结构是一个名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词
13、、不定式等在句中作状语。它有以下三个特点： (1) 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 (2) 名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 (3) 独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。,二、独立主格结构的用法 它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。 (1) 作时间状语 The work done(=After the work had been done) , we went home. (2) 作条件状语Weather permitting(If weather per
14、mits) , they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。,(3) 作原因状语 An important lecture to be given tomorrow(=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow) , the professor has to stay up late into the night. (4) 作伴随状语 He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his
15、head(=and his hands were crossed under his head) . 他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。,(5) 表补充说明 A hunter came in, his face red with cold(=and his face was red with cold) . 一个猎人走了进来，他的脸冻得通红。 注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。,非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。动词不定式可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语
16、；动名词可在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语；分词可在句中作表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语,非谓语动词四个特出的特点：,一,它不能当谓语,因此在同一句子中一定还会另有谓语动词。,二,非谓语动词和谓语动词都表示动作,但两者的性质,地位不同。在英语中,一个句子只能用一个谓语动词,除了用and 连接的两动词外,其它的两个动词一定要分清主次,从属等内在逻辑关系。与谓语动词的动作对比,非谓语动词的地位是次要的,从属性质的：比如表示原因,条件,时间,目的,临时性的不稳定的伴随动作状态等。,句子的重心应用作主句谓语动词,句子的次要,伴随,补充的说明部分必须用非谓语或有连词引导的从句。下面列举一些例句对比说明：,1. “为了健康,他天天喝牛奶。”“为了健康”是目的,是次要动作,“喝牛奶”才是唯一的谓语动词；To be more healthy, he drinks milk every day.2. “喝牛奶对他有好处,他爱喝牛奶”这两处的“喝牛奶”明显地不是具体的
