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1、第二讲名词与冠词一、名词考点透析1名词的数(1)可数名词有单复数之分。如：bookbooks，boxboxes，leafleaves，citycities。(2)合成名词构成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变成复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变成复数。如：sonsinlaw 女婿passersby 过路人storytellers 讲故事的人gobetweens 中介人(3)下列名词单复数同形。Chinese中国人Japanese日本人sheep绵羊deer小鹿horsepower马力fish鱼fruit 水果(4)下列名词的单复数有不同的拼写方法。细菌bacterium(单数)bact
2、eria(复数)资料、数据 datum(单数)data(复数)现象 phenomenon(单数)phenomena(复数)(5) 不可数名词包括专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词，一般没有单复数之分。如：England，London，bread，rice，steel，knowledge，advice，health，wealth等。Many people think that health is the greatest wealth in the world.很多人认为健康是世界上最大的财富。(6)experience表“经验”时是不可数名词，表“经历”时是可数名词。(7)常见的单复数意义不同的名词
3、有：value(价值)values(价值观)；manner(方式)manners (礼貌)；custom(风俗)customs(海关)；damage(损害)damages(赔偿金)；work(工作)works(著作)等，需特别注意。(8)team，group，committee，crew，family等集体名词强调整体时为单数，强调个体时为复数。如：His group is a big one and all group are very active in the activity.他那个组是个大组，所有的组员都积极参加活动。The film attracted a large audien
4、ce and most audience were moved to tears.这部影片吸引了大量观众，多数观众都被感动得流下眼泪。(9)名词做定语时，除man，woman有单复数变化外，其他名词一般用单数。如：three women doctors三个女医生many coffee shops许多咖啡店2名词的所有格(1)有生命的名词，其所有格一般在名词后加s, 如：his mothers friend; 他妈妈的朋友们Susan is a friend of my mothers.苏珊是我妈妈的一个朋友。(2)无生命的名词，借用of表示所属关系。如：the window of the ro
5、om一个房子的窗户(3)如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加 “s”，如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加 “s”。如： The lady in a beautiful dress is Jane and Marys mother.那位穿漂亮裙子的女士是琼和玛利的妈妈。(共有，暗示琼和玛利是姐妹关系)Those two women are Janes and Marys mothers.那两位女士分别是琼的妈妈和玛利的妈妈。(不共有，分别指两位妈妈) (4)“a(two，some.)名词of名词s/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格。a friend of my mothers我妈妈的一个朋
6、友two photos of mine我的两张照片3抽象名词具体化表示抽象的特征、状态、思维、行为的一次、一种、一类、一下等，常构成“a/an(形容词)抽象名词”。如：a surprise 一个惊喜a pleasure 一件乐事a failure一个失败者，一次失败a great success 一次巨大的成功a wonderful breakfast 一顿丰盛的早餐a happiness 一种幸福用所给单词的适当形式填空。(一)Robots used for 1._(housework)were tested out in some 2._(family)Tony, one of the 3
7、._(robot) looked like a tall and handsome man with smooth black hair and white 4._(tooth) speaking in a deep voice.Larry was going to be away from home.Also，5._(curious)drove him to have a try on such a new thing. So he hired a robot to accompany his wife Claire. Claire didnt like the idea at the be
8、ginning, but she agreed at last. At the first sight of Tony, Claire felt embarrassed. Gradually, Tony began to win the 6._ (hostess) trust. He helped Claire realize her dreams by making her home elegant, giving her a new haircut, changing the makeup she wore and giving her 7._(advise) on her persona
9、l8._ (dress)Therefore at the party all her guests who were invited were filled with 9._(admire) when they saw her house was completely changed. After the test, the company was satisfied with 10._ (Tony) report and believed it was a 11._(succeed) because he had successfully made a woman regain her 12
10、._ (confident) and fall in love with him.(二)Born on August 23, 1998 in America, Jeremy ShuHow Lin is a professional basketball 1._ (play). But to some degree, many Chinese 2._ (fan) and coaches take him as a Chinese guy or at least are willing to imagine him a 3._ (China) just because he has a typic
11、al Chinese face and his parents were born in China. Jeremy Lin has recently become a 4._ (succeed) and attracted the 5._ (world) attention which gives Chinese people a lot of imagination and pride.In most peoples 6._ (eye), Jeremy is a miracle.In June 2012, When Jeremy took his third trip to China,
12、a large crowd came to meet him, including some 7._ (family), some 8._ (child) and some 9._(woman) players. They brought cameras to take 10._ (photo) with their idol and to show their love and respect to Jeremy Lin.强化训练一(一)1housework2.families3.robots4.teeth5.curiosity6hostess/hostesss7.advice8.dress
13、es9.admiration10Tonys11.success12.confidence(二)1player2.fans3.Chinese4.success5.worlds6eyes7.families8.children9.women10.photos二、冠词考点透析1不定冠词最基本的用法不定冠词最基本的用法是泛指，表示“一个/一张/一本”以及用于第一次出现的可数名词单数前。如：(1)An umbrella is an article that keeps the rain out.伞是用来遮雨的物件。(2)Ten years is a long time.十年是漫长的一段时间。2定冠词最基
14、本的用法定冠词最基本的用法是表特指。在重复出现的名词、形容词最高级、序数词、江河湖海、山脉群岛、海峡海岸、乐器名称、某些建筑物前面，都需有定冠词。如：(1)The film I saw last night is the most moving one that I have ever seen.昨晚的电影是我看过的最感人的影片。(2)The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二大河。(3)The Browns are all fond of playing the violin while the Whites a
15、re interested in playing tennis.布朗夫妇喜欢拉小提琴，而怀特夫妇喜欢打网球。3不用冠词的情况(1)抽象名词表示一般概念时。(2)在表示职位或头衔的名词前。(3)在表示季节、月份、日期、节日(但在中国的传统节日前一定要有the)、星期的名词前。 (4)一日三餐、球类活动前。如：March 8 is Womens Day，and June 1 is Childrens Day.3月8日是妇女节，6月1日是儿童节。We elected Tom monitor of our class.我们选汤姆为我们的班长。It is not very cold here in the south of China in winter，but th
