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1、第九讲情态动词和虚拟语气一、情态动词考点透析 1can (could)，be able to。 can只有现在式can和过去式could两种形式， be able to可用于现在式、过去式、将来时、完成时。要表示“能够做某事”，可用can或be able to，但若要说过去的确运用了某种能力做成了某件事情，就只能用was/were able to，表将来具备的能力只能用will/shall be able to。(1)If you study hard，you will be able to express freely in English in three months.如果你努力学习，三
2、个月后你就能自由地用英语表达了。(2)The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.大火迅速在酒店蔓延，但每个人最终还是逃出去了。2could是can的过去式，但是在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，它表示语气的委婉。因此，用could提问时，不能用could回答，而要用can或may。would，might用于疑问句时也表委婉语气，回答时应该用will，may。(1)Could I borrow your dictionary?能借用一下你的词典吗？Yes，of course you
3、can.可以，当然可以。(2)Could I call you by the first name?我可以直呼你的名字吗？Yes，you may.行，可以的。(3)Would you be so kind as to explain the word?请你好心地解释一下这个字好吗？Yes，I will.What is it?好的，哪个字？3may/might，can/could都可表示可能，但may/might 不能用于问句，can/could用于否定句、疑问句、感叹句，表示惊异、怀疑，一般不用于肯定句。如果用于肯定句，则表示偶尔发生某事的可能，或某人某物一时的特点。(1)Are you co
4、ming to Jeffs party?你会来参加杰佛的晚会吗？Im not sure.I might go to the concert instead.说不好，我可能会去音乐会。(2)Where can Mr.Li be?李先生会在哪里呢？Sorry，I dont know.You can go to ask Mr.Zhang.He may help you.对不起，我不知道。你可以去问问张先生，他可能会帮到你。(3)Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How can it be that he was late for the opening ceremo
5、ny?布什先生做什么都准时，开幕式时他怎么就迟到了呢？(4)We enjoy good weather in January，but sometimes it can be terribly cold.我们这儿一月份天气都很好，但是偶尔也会很冷的。4must表推测用于肯定句，其否定式要用cant。对现在表示推测：must do；cant do对正在进行的动作表示推测：must be doing；cant be doing对过去表示推测：must have done；cant/couldnt have done(1)There were already five people in the ca
6、r，but they managed to take me as well.车里已经有五人了，但他们还是设法带上了我。It couldnt have been a comfortable journey.那就不可能是舒适的旅途了。(2)Jack cant have arrived yet，otherwise he would have telephoned me.杰克不可能已经到了，否则他会给我电话的。(3)Put on more clothes，you must be feeling cold with only a shirt on.多穿点衣服，只穿一件衬衣，你一定觉得冷吧。(4)I di
7、dnt hear the phone.I must have been asleep.我没有听到电话响，我一定是睡着了。5情态动词完成式的意义。can/could have done过去可能做过，过去本来可以做某事但没有做must have done过去一定做过may have done可能已经做过，本来可以做但没做might have done过去可能做过，过去本来可以做但没做cant/couldnt have done过去不可能做过某事should (not) have done过去本该(不该)做，但却没做(做了)ought (not) to have done过去本该(不该)做，但却没做
8、(做了)neednt have done过去本来没必要做，但却做了would rather (not) have done宁愿过去做了(没做)注意：must have done，may have done，might have done，cant have done都表推测。其区别在于可能性的大小。must have done表很有可能，may have done表有可能，might have done表可能性很小，cant have done则为“不可能”。(1)I told Sally how to get here，but perhaps I should have written it
9、 out for her.我告诉过莎莉怎么来这儿，不过也许我该写给她的。(2)Sorry，Im late.I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.对不起，我迟到了。我可能关掉闹钟又睡着了。(3)I was really anxious about you.You shouldnt have left home without a word.我真为你担心，你不该什么也不说就离家出走的。(4)Tom neednt have got up that early since it was Sunday a
10、nd he had nothing important to do.汤姆本来没有必要起那么早的，因为是星期天，他也没什么重要事情。(5)I would rather not have blamed him because he was a child after all.我宁愿没有责备他。因为他毕竟只是个孩子。6关于should的主要用法。(1)Its already seven oclock.Jack should be here at any moment.已经七点钟了，杰克随时都可能来的。(should表推测，意为“随时都会来”，“真该来了”)(2)When can I come for
11、 the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.我什么时候来拿照片？我明天下午要用。They should be ready by 12：00.(should：应该)十二点前应该就可以了。(3)You cant imagine that a wellbehaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady.你难以想象一个举止优雅的绅士对女士居然这么粗鲁。 (should表惊异，意为“居然”、“竟然”)(4)If he should fail to come，ask Mr.Zhang to attend the cerem
12、ony instead.要是他万一来不成，就叫张先生代替出席这个典礼吧。 (should表语气较强的假设，意为“万一”)(5)We should have studied last night，but we went to the concert instead.(should have studied：我们本该学习的，但却没有学习)我们昨晚本该学习的，但是我们却去了音乐会。7关于shall的用法。shall用于第一人称、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方意见或向对方请示。shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。(1)Shall I go on reading
13、 the text?我要继续读课文吗？(shall：征求意见)(2)You shall be punished one day for what youve done.总有一天你会因你的所作所为受到惩罚的。(shall：威胁，警告)(3)He shall get what he deserves.I promise it.他会得到他应该得到的，我保证。(shall：允诺)按照句子结构的语法性和句子连贯的要求，在空白处填上适当的情态动词或根据提示使用正确形式的情态动词。1I _ (not) use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each
14、morning the train comes by my house.2I_ (not) thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.3_ you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone?Sorry Sir, but its urgent.4I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao” just as I _do in China.5We _ (
15、not) have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.6One of our rules is that every student_wear school uniform while at school.7Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the money.8You have to believe in yourself.No one else will, if you dont.I _ (not) agree more.Confidence is really important.9The new law states that people _(not) drive after drinking alcohol.10Its qui
