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1、第9讲3种思路及2种方法搞清亦真亦假的虚拟语气备考指导虚拟语气是历年高考中考查的较多的一个考点,通常是以单项填空、语法填空、短文改错和书面表达的形式进行考查。解决虚拟语气类题目通常使用的方法有:看是否是考查固定句型中的虚拟语气用法,是否可以运用句子中的某些特定的词来判断,是否可以通过上下语境和时态呼应来找突破口。一、背诵歌诀记忆相关知识虚拟语气意虚幻,愿望事实总相反。所列条件是假设,亦表建议和委婉。假设条件在现在,具体实施没实现。从句使用过去时,主句动前would添。过去事实已存在,后来假设没实现。would加上完成时,过去完成凑条件。表示将来可能性,小而又小很可怜。would后面动词立,从句
2、should加动原。wish后接宾从句,主语构思难实现。从句虚拟分三种,现在将来谓语换。as if (though)引从句,情同wish宾从连。一个坚持俩命令,三个建议四请愿。所有从句都在数,虚拟should放动前。虚拟语气经常用,莫与直陈混一谈。二、虚拟语气的3种命题类型与解题思路要成为解题高手,就要知道试题是怎样命制的,也就是说,要了解命题人在考查某一项知识时采用什么样的方式来设计题目,有哪些题型,以便有针对性地找出解题思路,快速破解题目。研究近几年高考中出现的虚拟语气试题,我们会发现如下命题规律(三大类型题):1直接型直接考查虚拟语气的相关知识,题目设置较为简单。比如对“虚拟语气在if条
3、件句中的用法”的考查:(1)主句信息已知,让考生判断从句的动词形式;(2)从句信息已知,让考生判断主句的动词形式。解题思路分别根据主、从句动词的形式,来确定所对应的动词形式。典例展示Although they just met for the first time, they talked as if they _ (be) friends for many years.答案had been解析句意:尽管他们是第一次见面,但是他们谈起话来就好像他们已经是多年的好朋友一样。as if后面的从句如果表示的是虚假的事情,要使用虚拟语气;本句表示对过去的虚拟,故填had been。警示有的句子中条件从
4、句的谓语动词表示的动作和主句谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间不一致,这类句子称为错综时间条件句,这时主从句动词的形式应根据各自所表示的时间进行调整。2含蓄型有时虚拟条件不是通过if引导的条件句来表示的,而是用其他方式来表示的:(1)用介词短语but for(意思是“要不是”),without(如果没有)等来代替条件从句。解题思路变换成条件句,便于得出答案。典例展示1But for your timely warning, we _ (get) into great trouble.Well, you know were friends.答案would have got解析句意:要不是你及时提醒,我
5、已经陷入大麻烦了。嗯!你知道我们是好朋友的。本题是一个含蓄条件的虚拟语气,它表示的条件不是通过if条件句表示出来,而是通过介词短语but for要不是,如果没有;根据句意可知这件事情发生在过去,故主句使用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟。典例展示2I was ill that day, otherwise I _ (take) part in the sports meet.答案would have taken解析对过去已经发生事情的虚拟,主句用would have done形式。句意:那天我生病了,不然我会参加运动会的。(2)用otherwise表示与上文的情况相反,从而引
6、出虚拟语气解题思路可以利用“倒推法”,根据后文已知信息推知前文未知信息。典例展示He _ his work,otherwise he would not be enjoying himself by the seaside.Ashould have completed Bhas completedCwould have completed Dcant have completed答案B解析otherwise相当于一个虚拟条件,是对真实情况相反的假设,由此我们可以推出:otherwise前应是真实情况,故空白处应该是陈述语气,故答案为B。(3)虚拟条件通过but暗示出来。命题模式为:“虚拟情况b
7、ut真实情况”。解题思路针对“虚拟情况but真实情况”这种命题模式,我们可以双向推理:可以利用真实推出虚拟,也可以利用虚拟推出真实。典例展示Bob would have helped us yesterday,but he_.Awas busy Bis busyChad been busy Dwill be busy答案A解析句意为:鲍勃昨天本来想帮助我们的,但是他太忙了。“他太忙了”是一个过去的事实,故用一般过去时。3混合型同时对虚拟语气和陈述语气进行考查。“混合型”常常利用“一词多义”来设计题目。解题思路分析单词在句中到底表示什么语气。典例展示The graduate insisted t
8、hat he _(send) to the West to teach the children there and that what he chose _(be) right even though his parents didnt want him to go.答案(should) be sent; was解析句意:这位毕业生坚持要求被派到西部教那里的孩子,即使他的父母亲不想他那样做,他也坚持认为他的选择是正确的。当insist表示“坚持要求做某事”的时候,后面的宾语从句要使用“should动词原形”,should可以省略;当insist表示“坚持认为”,后面的宾语从句要使用陈述语气。
9、分析研究典型试题,考生得到的将是解决一类题的方法。三、常用的2个解题方法方法1句型提示法虚拟语气可以用在状语从句、名词性从句、定语从句中,在不同的从句中,虚拟语气用不同的动词形式来体现,如if非真实条件句(分三种情形),wish后的宾语从句,It is time that.的定语从句等。所以,掌握了各类从句中虚拟语气的动词形式,就基本上掌握了虚拟语气的用法。典例展示Do you know his address?No, I also wish I _ (know) where he lives.答案knew解析wish引导的宾语从句中的谓语要用虚拟语气,与现在事实相反用一般过去时态。句意:你知
10、道他的地址么?不知道,我也希望自己知道他住哪里。方法2特定词汇暗示法英语中某些短语如If it were not for/had not been for,but for.,if only.,without等,往往要采用虚拟语气,它们对于解答试题有很大的帮助,掌握了这些要点知识,做起题来也就很容易了。典例展示Without electricity, human life _ (be) quite different today.答案would be解析句意:如果没有电,今天人类的生活将相当的不同。此句可换为:If there were no electricity, human life wo
11、uld be quite different today.本句表达与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。跟踪训练考点突破.根据句子表达的情景,用括号内动词的适当形式填空1Maybe if I _(study) science,and not literature then,I would be able to give you more help.2Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they _(be not) always late.3I _(come) sooner but I didnt
12、know that they were waiting for me.4We _(arrive) there on time yesterday but for the traffic jam.5I _(not go) through that bitter period without your generous help.6If I _(have) time next week,I would go to the party.7If I _(be) you,I should go and see the dentist at once.8If you had arrived at the
13、station ten minutes earlier,you _(catch) the train.9If he were you, he _(miss) the concert last night.10It is requested that Class Two _(give) a performance at the English evening.单句改错1How I wish there are 28 hours a day so that I had more time for fun._2Had he worked hard years ago, he would become
14、 very rich today._ 3If I were a boy again, I will remember that a good skater never tries to skate in two directions at once._4But the fact that China are also affected by the global economic crisis, we would have fewer workers now._5It might have been done better if you have been more careful._6I actually believe that we would be in Xian now if you hadnt caught drunk driving last month._7It is high time that we establish an honest and fair system of education._8Mr. Li, my English teacher, speaks English as if he is an Englishman._9Tibet is so mysteriously d