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1、Manure and Odor Management Systems for Swine Operations猪场的粪便和臭气管理系统,作者：Steve Pohl Agricultural Engineer 农业工程师,1-2,Environmental Impact of Swine Manure猪粪对环境的影响,Environmental Benefits of Manure猪粪对环境的好处, N leaching potential 减少氮沥滤作用 soil erosion some do not. 有些添加剂起作用；有些则无用,Reducing Odor Generation减少臭气产
2、生Summary 小结,Nutritionally, we can control the level of nutrient excretion 从营养学角度说，我们能够控制养分的排泄水平 Must be economical for the producer 对于养殖者来说，必须是经济的 Additives vary in effectiveness 添加剂的作用效果千差万别 Operations vary in effectiveness of the same additive 同样一种添加剂在不同猪场的效果亦不相同,Reducing Odor Emission from Buildi
3、ng Sources减少从畜舍散发的臭气Manure Storages粪池,41-68,Two Approaches to Minimizing Odor Emissions from Buildings 减少畜舍臭气的两种方法,Minimize the odor generated in the building 将从畜舍产生的臭气降低到最少 Capture and treat odor as it is emitted from the building(s) 将从畜舍产生的臭气加以阻挡和处理,What is Biofiltration?何谓生物过滤？,Biofiltration of A
4、ir 空气的生物过滤 The use of microorganisms to oxidize volatile organic compounds and oxidizable inorganic gases and vapors. 用微生物氧化挥发的有机化合物以及可被氧化的无机气体和蒸汽,Biofilter Configuration 生物滤器的结构,机械通风的猪舍,臭味空气,猪舍地下粪池,排风扇,灰尘冲击器,臭气减少了的空气,生物滤材,滤材支撑,压力气体,气体管道,Gestation Farrowing Biofilters妊娠-分娩舍的生物滤器,Biofilters 生物滤器,ODOR
5、 REDUCTION SWINE臭气减少-猪,臭气单位,生物过滤器入口处气体,从生物过滤器排出的气体,日期,97年12月,98-4月,98年8月,98年12月,99年4月,99年8月,99年12月,00-4月,00-8月,Placing Media on Pallets在草垫上放置生物滤材,Farrowing Biofilter分娩舍的生物滤器,Synthetic Covers 人造覆盖物,Rigid (wooden or concrete) or flexible (plastic) covers hold gases and odors inside tank. 坚硬的（木制或者水泥）或柔
6、软的（塑料）覆盖物防止粪池中气体和臭气挥发出来 Most flexible covers float on the liquid surface. 大多数柔软的覆盖物漂浮在液体表面,Bio or Straw Covers生物或者稻草盖子,Blowing straw on earthen storage 将碎秸杆吹入土质粪池,Thin biocover on storage after 1 week一周后在粪池表面加上薄层生物覆盖,Swine Facility with Two-Stage Lagoon 猪场：两阶段发酵池,Factors Affecting Odor Release and D
7、ispersion影响臭气释放和传播的因素,Landscaping Improves Appearance and Hides Storage.绿化美化粪池表面并将其掩盖,Perception is Reality! 感觉就是现实！,Liquid/Solid Separation液体/固体分离,Settling Basin 沉淀池,Anaerobic Treatment 厌氧处理,Anaerobic treatment takes place in the absence of oxygen; the most common type is the anaerobic lagoon. 厌氧处理
8、在无氧环境下进行；最常见的类型是建立厌氧发酵池。 Anaerobic digesters are similar but provide more intense treatment. 厌氧消化器与此类似，但有更强的处理能力 Digesters are heated and the manure is thicker than lagoons. 消化器可被加热，粪便比发酵池中的更为浓稠 Gas production potential is greater for anaerobic than for aerobic systems. 厌氧环境下产生的气体多于有氧系统下产生的气体。 An ov
9、erloaded condition can cause intense odors and gases. 超载的结果会产生强烈烈的臭气和气体,Odor Summary臭气总结,Odor can be measured 臭气可以测量 Technologies exist to reduce odor 已有可减少臭气产生的技术 Being a Good Neighbor is important for Community Relations 在社区内，做一个好邻居很重要 Odor movement can be modeled 臭气的移动可以被定型,This material is based
10、 upon work supported by the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the National Agriculture Assistance Center; and the University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, under Cooperative Agreement Number 97-EXCA-3-0642. 本材料依据的是美国农业部州际合作研究、教育和推广局；美国环保局；全国农业协助中心；内布拉斯加大学合作推广站；内布拉斯加-林肯大学等单位按97-EXCA-3-0642号合作协议资助的工作,Funding资 助,Thank you 谢谢！,
