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1、Chinese-English Translation Course汉英翻译理论与实践,Teaching objectives,(1) To have a general understanding of T from C-E (2) To understand how Chinese traditional culture influences the process of T (3) To make T accurate ,smooth and fluent,(4) To master the basic principles and methods of the C-E translat
2、ion so as to make highly concise, accurate and equivalent translations,Course Book,Course Book(s): 1）Main textbooks： A New Coursebook on Chinese-English Translation Shang Hai Foreign Language Education press,2) References A collegiate Course in Chinese-English translation Shang Dong University press
3、,Course Contents and Teaching Plan: The present course consists of theories and practices of translation. The theories will be directed to an introduction to various theories of C-E translation, focusing on the studies of various C-E translating principles and methods, and developing an awareness of
4、 process of C-E translation.,Unit one,C-E Translation Principles,汉语译成地道英语的难度，出现各种各样的缺失：“中国式”英语（解决办法，阅读大量原作，观察、揣摩、总结并模仿英语的特点、规律和表达方法）。,1 Three principles,1) T must comply with E grammar Three major structures,Structure one a. 主系表结构 (S+V+P) Examples: a) 人类在地球上已存在多久了？ How long has man been on earth?,b)
5、 牛奶变酸了。 Milk turns sour.,b. There be结构 (表示存在有的概念，seem (appear) to be, seem, appear, arise, come,计算机有点毛病。 There is something wrong with the computer.,b) 随着国民经济和国防事业的发展，对通信提出了新的要求。 As our national economy and national defense develop, there arises a new demand for communications.,c) 从理论上讲，供应这么多水似乎不成问题
6、。 In theory there seems to be no problem in supplying this amount of water.,c. 主-谓-宾结构 (S+ V+O) a)主谓(SV)(主语不及物动词) 车轮转动。 Wheels turn. b) 主谓宾 人们转动车轮。people turn weels,c) 主谓宾(SVO) 1)我昨天看了一部电影。 2)你读过这个故事吗? 3)他们很容易找到他们的家。,d) 主谓宾宾补(SVOC) 1)他们使这个女孩生气了。 2)我发现他出去了。 3)他们发现沙地上有脚印。 4)他们发现那天她心绪不宁。 5)他们感到汽车行驶得很快。
7、 6)人们闻到食物烧焦的味道。,2) T must be in compliance with English usage and avoid chinglish.,贫穷,大小,Big “Each word when used in a new context is a new word.” ( J. R. Firth, 1890- 1960),（1）specific wording (用词要具体） Chinese: vague, general English: concrete, exact 例1 要在不到十年中实现小康目标，任务是很艰难的，因为中国人口众多，底子薄，各地发展不平衡。 译文
8、Given Chinas huge population, low economic starting level and uneven development in different parts of the country, a relatively comfortable standard of living will not be easy to reach before the next century.,例2 他出去了；母亲和我却叹息他的景况：多子、饥荒、苛税、兵、匪、官、绅，都苦得他像一个木偶人了。 译文 After he had gone out, Mother and I
9、both shook our heads over his hard life: many children, famines, taxes, soldiers, bandits, officials and landed gentry, all had squeezed him as dry as a mummy.,（2）exaggeration （避免过度夸张） 1 )世界上公认他是最伟大的政治家（社论）。 * He is everybodys choice as the worlds greatest statesman. He is generally acknowledged as
10、the worlds greatest statesman. 2)和这里的人们一样，他也喜欢吃土豆。 *Like all people here, he likes to eat potatoes. Like most people here, he likes to eat potatoes.,3） 汉字在历史上有过不可磨灭的功绩。 The system of Chinese characters has played an invaluable role in our history. 4）该市的人都赞成。 Almost everyone in the city is in favour
11、of it.,5）我们的目的，一定能够达到。 Our goal will be attained. 6）今年我省在引进工作方面又取得了重大成就。 Much more fruitful work has been done in our province this year in importing advanced technology and equipment and in attracting,（3） narrow and broad meaning (词的狭义和广义） 例1 农林牧副渔相结合的方针 译文 the principle of combining farming, fores
12、try, animal husbandry, side-occupations and fishery 例2 农业是国民经济的基础。 译文 Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy.,（4） words collocation (注意词的搭配） 学习知识 learn knowledge 严密控制 close control 一张好票 a good ticket 强硬政策 strong policy 完成任务 finish a task 交通拥挤 The traffic is crowded,4.1 habitual colloc
13、ation(惯用搭配） 学习知识 acquire / attain knowledge （而非 learn knowledge ） 严密控制 strict / rigid control （而非 close control ） 一张好票 a good seat （而非 a good ticket ） 强硬政策 tough policy （而非 strong policy ） 完成任务 fulfill a task （而非 finish a task ） 交通拥挤 The traffic is heavy / busy .( 而非 The traffic is crowded.),价格很贵 /
14、便宜 The price is expensive / cheap. 把中国建设成一个强大的国家 to build China into a powerful country 根据某人的意见according to sbs opinion 赢了某人 win sb 欢迎你来北京Welcome you to Beijing.) 换件新衣服 to change a new dress),价格很贵 / 便宜 The price is high / low. The price is expensive / cheap. ) 把中国建设成一个强大的国家 to turn / transform China
15、 into a powerful country (而非 to build China into a powerful country ) 根据某人的意见 according to sb. / in sb.s opinion (而非 according to sb.s opinion ) 赢了某人 beat sb. (而非 win sb. ) 欢迎你来北京 Welcome to Beijing. (而非Welcome you to Beijing.) 换件新衣服 to change the old dress for a new one (而非 to change a new dress),4
16、.2 grammatical collocation （语法搭配） 1）英语当中有些动词后面直接跟宾语，而无需像汉语那样加上介词。 为人民服务 serve for the people 与结婚 to marry with sb 跟离婚 to divorce with sb 在地震中幸存下来 to survive in the earthquake,为人民服务 serve the people (而非 serve for the people ) 与结婚 to marry sb. (而非 to marry with sb. ) 跟离婚 to divorce sb. (而非 to divorce with sb. ) 在地震中幸存下来 to survive the earthquake (而非 to survive in the earthquake ),2) “抓、打、拍、拉的身体部位” ：动词+某人+介词+具体部位 拍的肩膀 to slap sb. on the shoulder
