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1、Grammar,Noun clauses as the object and predicative,宾语从句和表语从句,五个基本句型,1、主语+系动词+表语： e.g. Henry is a businessman. 2、主语+不及物动词：e.g. We arrive. 3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g. Henry received a million pound bank note. 4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g. Oliver gave Henry a letter. 5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g. Henry found himsel
2、f carried out by the strong wind. 注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。,Related Conception (相关概念),1.名词:,表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。,2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?,名词在句中主要作主语、表语、 宾语和同位语。,1.Henry is a businessman.,主语,表语,2.Henry, a businessman ,received a million pound bank note.,主语,同位语,宾语,名词性从句,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,主语从句在句中做- 宾语从句在
3、句中做- 表语从句在句中做- 同位语从句在句中-,主语,宾语,表语,同位语,What made Henry puzzled was unknown. 主语从句 The two brothers think that its very funny. 宾语从句 The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, which. 表语从句 Henry, who was a businessman ,received a million pound bank note.,同位语从句,What makes me admire
4、 her most is that she always believes that shes the best athlete in the world.,宾语从句 （The Object Clause）,宾语从句在复合句中起_作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。宾语从句必须用_语序。 引导宾语从句的连词有that，if，whether； 连接代词有who,whom,which,whose等； 连接副词有when，where，how， why等。,宾语,陈述,一.that引导的宾语从句 1. Oliver believes (that) a man could survive a m
5、onth in London. 2. Im afraid (that) I dont quite follow you,sir. 3. I dont think (that) its very funny. 4. My uncle said that he would come and that he would also bring his son. 5.We all agree (that) it would be convient to go there by bus.,1.归纳总结： that 在引导宾语从句时无词义，也不充当任何成分，且通常可以省略。但如果含有两个或两个以上的并列宾语
6、从句时，通常只有第一个从句的that可以省略，其余从句的that一般不能省略。,2.归纳总结： 否定转移:第一人称 I, we 与动词 think, consider, suppose猜想, believe, expect, guess, imagine等连用, 其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义, 一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上, 从句谓语用肯定式。,1. 她坚持要把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。 She insisted that she (should) organize the trip properly. 2. 他命令关闭所有的大门。 He commanded that all the gate
7、s (should) be shut. 3. 我建议他应该更努力学习。 I suggested that he (should) study harder. 4. 老师要求我们和睦相处。 The teacher requests that we (should) get along well with each other.,3.总结归纳： 在一些表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等意义的动词后，that 宾语从句中谓语常用（should+）动词原形，表示虚拟。 1.坚持：insist 2.命令：order, command 3.建议：suggest, propose, advise 4.要求：des
8、ire, demand, require, request,We think it necessary that everyone should form a good habit . 动词+it+形容词+that从句，it 为形式宾语，that从句为真正的宾语。,We think that middle school students master one foreign language possible . (改用形式宾语 it ),We think it possible that middle school students master one foreign language.,
9、4.归纳总结： it常可以放在动词think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后作为形式宾语，而把真正的宾语-that从句后置,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 We heard it that she would get married next month. 我们听说他下个月要结婚了。,我不知道他来不来。 我想知道他来还是不来。 你们是在谈论着他来还是不来吗？,I dont know whether/if he will come.,I want to know whether he will come or not.,Are you talking
10、about whether he will come?,I wonder if youd mind us asking a few questions.,二、whether/if 引导的宾语从句 5.归纳总结： 在宾语从句中，表示“是否”既可以用whether,也可以用if.但是，whether常与or not连用；作介词宾语只用whether.,Henry Adams does not know what he should do. (what在从句中作宾语) 2.Do you know who will be sent to work there? （who在从句中作主语） 3.Can y
11、ou find out whose wallet it is? (whose在从句中作定语) 4.Have you decided where you should have your holidays? （where在从句中作地点状语） 5.She always think of how she can do more for the class. （how在从句中作方式状语） 6.Can I speak whoever is here?(作主语) 7.Henry didnt give us any reason about why she had been late for the mee
12、ting.(作原因状语),6.归纳总结： 连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，连接词都在从句中充当一定的成分。,7.在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句,Im sorry (that) I dont know . Were sure (that) our team will win . Im afraid (that) he wont pass the exam .,She asked Tom_was the matter with his car. 2.Will you te
13、ll me _ I can keep healthy? 3.This depends on _the money we have is enough. 4. Her wish is _she could lose weight soon. 5. Could you tell me _ Marry lives?,what,where,whether,that,how,牛刀小试：,1. The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face. (北京2011) A. what B. how C. that D. why
14、,2. We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture. (2010课标全国卷) A. that B. which C. what D. where,3. Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season. (山东2010) A. why B. what C. how D. which,4. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No
15、one in the office knew _ she was so angry. (湖南2010) A. where B. whether C. that D. why,5. How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. (四川2010) A. what B. who C. how D. why,summary,一. that引导的宾语从句 1.that省略情况 2.否定前移 3.that宾语从句中的虚拟语气 4.that
16、从句中it 作形式宾语 二.whether/if引导的宾语从句 三、其他连接词连接的宾语从句 考点主要有：引导词，时态，语序,that 引导的表语从句 that 仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。这种从句往往是对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。 e.g. The chance is that one smoker in four will die from smoking.,在复合句中作表语的从句称作表语从句。,2. whether 引导的表语从句 连接词whether起连接作用， 意为“是否、究竟、到底”（注意：if不能引导表语从句) 在句中也不作任何成分。 e.g. The question is whether w
