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1、专题四动词、动词短语、情态动词和虚拟语气,一、动词 .动词的分类(根据动词在句子中的功能，动词可分为四大类),.助动词,did,does,was praised,had left,will graduate,.易混动词归纳对比 (1)lay(放)，lie(躺)与lie(说谎)：这三个易混动词区分如下： 语法填空： He_(lay) the table for supper when I went to see him.,was laying/had laid,You_(lie)on the bed for almost a whole dayget up and do something. D
2、ont believe her; she is_(lie) (2)rise和raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen，而raise是及物动词，是规则动词。 He_to his feet and_his hands to greet me warmly.,have lain,lying,rose,raised,(3)hear与listen to：hear侧重点是听到，听见什么，而listen to是侧重于听的倾向，但hear用于无意中的听见，而listen to却用于集中注意力的听。 I was attentively_what they were talkin
3、g about, but_nothing. (4)see，watch和look: see强调看的结果；watch则用作看电视、比赛，还有在旁观看之意；look一般用作不及物动词，强调动作。 I was_Im a Singer on TV when I heard a knock at the door, and I opened the door and_but_no one.,listening to,heard,watching,looked,saw,(5)wind和wound：wind意为“蜿蜒而行”，其过去式与过去分词都是wound，而动词原形wound意为“伤害”，其过去式、过去分词
4、都是wounded。 We_our way through the valleys, during which, some got_in the feet by thorny bushes. (6)hang的用法：hang有两个意思：一为“悬挂”，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为“绞刑”，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。 Many of his finest pictures_in the National Gallery. Sadam was_on March, 20, 2007.,wound,wounded,hang/are hung,hanged,(7)s
5、it与seat：seat为及物动词时作“容纳”讲，seat如果表示就座时要用be seated或用seat oneself；sit只表示一个动作，为不及物动词。 Katherine was found_in the concert hall which_400 people. (8)borrow，lend与keep：“借入”用borrow，“借出”用lend，但这两个词都是非延续性动词(瞬间动词)，不能用于延续性动作，所以能借多久应用keep。 From her mother, Betty_the necklace, which her mother_for twenty years, and
6、_it to her friend.,seated/sitting,seated,borrowed,had kept,lent,(9)win与beat：win作“胜、赢”讲时其后应接a game，an argument，a battle，a prize，a contest，a race，a bet等，但不能接人，而beat是及物动词，意为“击败、胜过”，直接接人、队。 Our school team_the first two rounds of the match but was_by Xin Hua School in the final.,won,beaten,(10)steal与rob
7、：steal意为“偷”；rob意为“抢”，其用法不同。steal其后接物from某人/某地，而rob其后接人of抢的物品。 What a terrible day! the old lady was_of her handbag on the way home and on arriving home, she found her house broken into and a lot of possessions_. (11)fit与suit：fit用于尺寸、大小的合适，而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。 Though the new dress_her very much in size
8、it doesnt_her in colour.,robbed,stolen,fits,suit,(12)bring, take与fetch：“拿来、带来”是bring，“拿去、带走”是take，而“去取回来”是fetch。 Please_the bag of trash to the garbage can. Spring_warm weather and flowers. Could you run and_a doctor for me？ (13)cost，spend和take：cost作“花费”讲，主语不能是人，spend的主语不能是物，而take作“花费”讲时，可用人也可用物作主语，
9、更多的用法是用形式主语it。 The apartment_me all my savings, some of which I should have_buying a car, and it would_me a long time to save enough for that.,take,brings,fetch,cost,spent,take,(14)have on，wear，put on与dress：have on与wear作穿着状态讲；但have on不用进行时态，而wear则常要用进行时态。put on是动作，但dress既可用作状态，又可用作穿衣的动作，但用作状态时要用be d
10、ressed in；作动作讲时，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词。,_in black, I felt embarrassed at the party, where others were_colourful dresses. _quickly and dont forget to_your socks. She_a bright silk dress at the gathering.,Dressed,wearing,Dress,put on,had on/wore,(15)begin与start：begin与start 均可作开始讲，并无多少区别，同样可接不定式或动名词。但
11、在下面的场合多要用start：机器的开动发动；旅途的开始。 After the tea break, we_to work, first having the machine_. (16)find与found：find“找到”的过去式和过去分词都是found，而found是动词“建立”的原形，其过去式和过去分词都是founded。 After two hours, he_himself in front of the university_in 1930s.,began/started,started,found,founded,(17)advise(v.)，advice(n.)；accept
12、(v.)，except(prep.)；pass(v.)，past(prep.)；bathe(v.)，bath(n.)；breathe(v.)，breath(n.)；choose(v.)，choice(n.)；succeed(v.)，success(n.) My class asked me for some_on learning English and I often_them to practice more speaking. Its so airless in hereIm almost out of_；lets go out to_in some fresh air.,advice,
13、advised,breath,breathe,(18)ring“摇铃，打铃，电话铃响”；strike专指“敲钟，打几点，撞击”。 The clock was_12 when my phone_； it was from my son. (19)discover“发现”，指找到早已存在但未被人所了解的东西；invent“发明”，指研制出不存在的东西。 While the chemist tried to_a new drug, he_this antiinfection bacteria.,striking,rang,invent,discovered,(20)stay“停留，逗留”； rema
14、in“遗物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分”。 During the camping, some of us went to_in the local villagers homes while others_in the camp. (21)look指由视觉得出的印象，seem暗示有一定根据的判定，appear指外表印象而实际或结果并非如此。 It_to me that he isnt the right person for the job. Things arent always what they_to be. The twins_just like their mother.,stay,
15、remained,seems,appear,look,(22)suggest提出实验性或推测性的建议，advise表示对经验不足人的一种忠告。 Liz_I try the shop on Mill Road. She_us when to come.,suggested,advised,二、动词短语 动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词，不同搭配含义上的辨异及不同短语的辨异。 .动词短语的构成,.动词搭配,三、情态动词 .情态动词基本用法,could,can,Can/Could,May/Can,may/might,May,must,neednt,must,have to,to take,Shall,shall,shoul
