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1、11.从句的翻译,英语中的从句分为三大类：名词性从句，形容词性从句和副词性从句。大部分英语从句译成汉语不会有太大困难。困难主要在以下几个方面。 一、同位语从句的翻译 常用方法有三种：汉译时不提前、提前、增加“即”“以为”或用冒号破折号分开。Eg. 1)He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again. 他表示希望再到中国来访问。 2)They were very suspicious of the assumption that he would rather kill himself than surrend
2、er. 对于他宁愿自杀也不投降这种假设，他们是很怀疑的。,3)But considered realistically , we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good. 但是现实地考虑一下，我们不得不正视这样的事实：我们的前景并不妙。 4.Yet, from the beginning, the fact that I was alive was ignored. 然而,从一开始,我仍然活着这个事实却偏偏被忽视了. 5.Her son, my employers nephew, was himself an as
3、sistant. 她的儿子,也就是我老板的侄子,也在店里当伙计.,二、定语从句的翻译 有三种译法：前置法、后置法、融合法(把原文的主语和定语从句融合在一起译成一个独立的句子)。E g. 1)The people who worked for him live in mortal fear of him. 在他手下工作的人对他怕得要命。(前置法) 2. This is the reason why I am not in favour of revising the plan. 这就是我不赞成修改计划的 原因。 (前置法),3. I must make full use of the time
4、there is left to me and do as much as I can for the people. 我要充分利用我剩下的岁月，尽量为人民多做些事情。 (前置法) 4. “How could a great paper like Washington Post, full of brilliant editors, get so involved in its own conceit and arrogance as to pursue a story which its own staff was saying was fabricated from the beginni
5、ng. “像华盛顿邮报这样一家拥有许许多多出色编辑的大报，为何自以为是和高傲自大到如此地步，竟然追求一篇连自己编辑部的人员从一开始也认为是虚假的报道？” (前置法),5.It is a consolation（安慰） to know that they will surely carry on the cause for which Edgar Snow strove so faithfully all his life. 了解到他们一定会把斯诺终身为之奋斗不渝的事业继续下去, 这是一件令人愉快的事.(前置法）,6. He unselfishly contributed his uncommo
6、n talents and indefatigable spirit to the struggle which today brings them (those aims) within the reach of a majority of the human race. 他把自己非凡的才智和不倦的精力无私地献给了这种斗争，这种斗争今天已使人类中大多数人可以达到这些目标。（后置法),7. They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past
7、, many Chinese have laid down their lives. 他们正在为实现一个理想而努力,这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的,过去,许多中国人为了这个理想而牺牲自己的生命.(后置法) 8.We will put off the outing untill next week, when we wont be so busy. 我们把郊游推迟到下个星期，到那时我们就不会这么忙了。 (并列译法),10. It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle. 是他接到那封信，说你的叔叔去世
8、了. （后置法） 11. Nearly everyone knows the story of “the dog that worried the cat that caught the rat that ate the grain that lay in the house that Jack bulit. 几乎人人都知道这个故事：“杰克盖了房，房里堆满粮，耗子把粮食吃光，猫吧耗子抓伤，狗又把猫儿逼上房。” (并列译法),Being reluctant to think, unwilling to study intensively(强烈地;集中地 ) and understand deep
9、ly and being complacent（自满） and satisfied at insignificant (无价值的, 无意义的, 无用)knowledge all are the causes of poor intelligence, which can be termed as “foolish”. 懒于思索，不愿意钻研和深入理解，自满和满足于微不足道的知识，都是智力贫乏的原因。这种贫乏通常用两个字来称呼，这就叫“愚蠢”。（后置）,注意兼有状语功能的定语从句的翻译：e g. 1)He insisted on building another house , which he
10、had no use for. 他坚持要再造一幢房子，尽管他并无此需要。（译成表让步的分句） 2)Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families. 人们极其迫切的要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能维持一家人的生活就行。(译成表“条件” 的分句),3)We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the nigh
11、t. 我们知道由于猫的眼睛比我们人类的眼睛能吸收更多的光线,所以猫在黑夜里也能看得清楚.(表示“原因”) 4)There was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them. 这个方案富于创造性,独出心裁,很有魄力,所以他们都很喜欢. ( 表示“结果”),The thief, who was about to escape, was caught by the policemen. 小偷正要逃跑时，被警察抓住了。（时间） How can anyone hope to be
12、 a qualified teacher, who doesnt know what the students are thinking and demanding? 一个教师如果不知道他的 学生在想什么，需要什么，怎么能指望他成为一个合格的教师呢？（原因）,he likes Miss Nancy, who despises him. 尽管南希细节讨厌他，他却很喜欢她。（让步） I knocked at the door of the red house, which opened right away. 我敲了敲那座红房的门，那门就立即开了。（结果）,Nothing is difficult
13、 in the world for anyone who dares to scale the height. 世上无难事，只要肯登攀.（条件） They turn a deaf ear to our demands, which enraged all of us. 他们对我们的要求置之不理，这是我们大家都很气愤。（结果）,翻译为谓语结构，宾语结构,1. She had a balance at her banks which would have made her beloved anywhere. 她银行里的存款，足够是她在各个地方都受到欢迎。（谓语结构） Then he dictate
14、d a letter, which one of his clerks wrote out in a beautiful round hand, and then the two brothers sat at the window a whole day watching for the right man to give it to. 他口授了一封信，有他的一个书记员用漂亮的正楷字写出来，接着弟兄倆就在窗口坐了一整天，等候着一个适当的人出现，好把这封信给他。 （谓语结构） She knew the sequestered(使隔离） spots where the hens laid the
15、ir eggs. 她知道母鸡在什么隐蔽的角落里下蛋。（宾语结构）,翻译成独立的句子（融合式或分离式独立句） Is it history you are reading? 你们在念历史吗？ There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. 楼下有人想见你。,The problem of development versus environments has now been in the limelight. Nowhere is the clash more visible than in China, where the worlds large
16、st population faces pollution, deforestation and acid rain on a large scale. 现在发展与环境问题已经成为人们议论的 中心。在中国这对矛盾表现得尤为突出。这个世界上人口最多的国家正面临着环境污染，森林减少以及大范围酸雨的 侵袭。,课堂练习,When deeply absorbed in work, which he often was, he would forget all about eating and sleep. Happiness is a butterfly, which, when you pursued, is always just beyond your grasp, but which, if you sit down quietly, may alight upon you. Thinking that you know when in fact you dont is a fatal mistake to which we are all prone.,他常常聚精会神的工作，这
