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1、云南语法十非谓语动词,考点一 动词不定式 动词不定式的基本形式是“to动词原形”，否定形式是在不定式前加not。动词不定式具有动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，但没有人称与数的变化，在句中也不能作谓语，动词不定式及其宾语和状语构成不定式短语。,1作主语 动词不定式作主语时，可以用动名词替换且常用it作形式主语，把动词不定式后置，常构成“Itbeadj.(for sb.)动词不定式”。 Its important (for us) to protect the environment.(对我们来说)保护环境很重要。,2作表语 My job is to teach English.我的工作是教英
2、语。 3作宾语或宾语补足语 (1)接动词不定式作宾语的动词或短语有want, begin/start, love, forget, remember, teach, decide, agree, seem, would like, plan等。,(2)接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask, tell, invite, allow, want, wish, encourage等。 (3)在使役动词make, let, have和感官系动词feel, look, smell等的后面作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to要省略。help后的不定式可带to也可不带to。,4作定语 I have a lot
3、of homework to do.我有许多家庭作业要做。 动词不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系，如果动词不定式是不及物动词，其后要有相关的介词。 The cat is easy to take care of.这只猫很容易照顾。,5作状语 Mrs. Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter.王太太去上海看她女儿。(目的) Were glad to meet you here.我们很高兴在这儿见到你。(原因) He is too tired to work on.他太累了不能继续工作了。(结果),6“疑问词动词不定式”结构 疑问词who, what,
4、 when, where, how, which等后接动词不定式，在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。 The teacher is telling the students what to do.老师正告诉学生们做什么。 He didnt know where to go(where he should go)他不知道该去哪里。,7含动词不定式的特殊句型与短语 too. to.太而不能 Why dont you do sth.？为什么不做某事？ had better do sth.最好做某事 prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.宁愿做某事，而不愿做某
5、事 make sb. do sth.让某人做某事 be made to do sth.被迫做某事,1(2018湖北咸宁中考改编)Remember some fruit when you come back. Abuying Bto buy Cbuy Dbought,2(2018湖南长沙中考改编)The weather report says its going to have a shower this afternoon. It does? Wed better now, just in case. Ato leave Bleaving Cleave Dleft,3(2018甘肃张掖中考)M
6、y two cousins decide a business together. Ato start Bstarting Cstart Dstarted,4(2018黑龙江齐齐哈尔中考改编)We set up this group disabled people like Ben Smith. Ahelp Bto help Chelping Dhelps,5(2018黑龙江绥化中考改编)People are supposed hands when they meet for the first time in America. Ashaking Bto shake Cshake Dshook
7、,6(2018贵州中考)Parents should always tell their kids with strangers. Anot to talk Bnot talking Cto not talk Dnot talk,7(2018四川成都中考改编)I got up early this morning my grandma at the airport. Ato pick up Bpicking up Cpicked up Dpick up,8(2018四川达州中考)Id love to go hiking with you, but I have much homework If
8、 you dont go, Ato do; so do I Bto do; nor will I Cdoing; so will I Ddo; neither am I,9(2018四川乐山中考改编)Julia, your mobile phone is ringing. Wait a minute. Its dangerous it while crossing the street. Aanswering Banswer Cto answer Dto answering,10(2018广东中考)After long years of war, many people in Syria ar
9、e homeless. I think it important a peaceful world. Abuild Bnot build C to build Dnot to build,11(2018贵州安顺中考)You should do what you can your English, Li Ming. OK, I will. Thank you, Ms. Hu. Aimprove Bto improve Cimproving Dimproved,考点二 动名词 动名词由“动词原形ing”构成，与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质(可有宾语和状语)，也有名词的性质，可作主语、宾语、表
10、语或定语。,1动名词常用结构 (1)只能跟动名词的动词或短语有avoid, consider, enjoy, feel like, finish, mind, practice, suggest, be busy doing, be good at doing, be interested in doing, cant help doing, give up doing, make a living (by) doing, put off doing等。,(2)haven.(in) doing have fun (in) doing, have trouble (in) doing, have
11、 a hard time (in) doing, have problems/difficulty (in) doing等。 (3)to doing 结构，to是介词 be/get used to doing, look forward to doing, pay attention to doing, prefer doing to doing等。,2有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词，但表达的意义不同。,1(2018甘肃兰州中考)Bobs father cant stand soap operas. He enjoys sports games on TV. Awatch Bto watch
12、 Cwatching Dwatched,2(2017湖北黄冈中考)Nowadays lots of products from China are very popular in the world. Yeah! Many people can hardly avoid products made in China. Ato buy Bbuying Cbought Dbuy,3(2017黑龙江龙东中考改编)Would you mind here? Of crouse not. Ill my cigarette at once. Anot smoking; put away Bnot smoki
13、ng; put out Cnot to smoke; put off Dnot to smoke; put on,4(2019原创)To be honest, I regretted out of school when I was just fifteen years old. Ato drop Bdropping Cdrop Ddropped,考点三 分词 1现在分词由“动词原形ing”构成，表示主动、进行意义，还具有形容词的作用，可在句中作表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语等。 The crying girl cant find her mother.那个正在哭的女孩找不到她妈妈了。(定
14、语) The story is interesting.这个故事很有趣。(表语),I saw him studying in the classroom.我看到他正在教室里学习。(宾语补足语) Studying hard, you will pass the exam.只要你努力学习，就会通过考试。(状语),2过去分词表示被动、完成意义，在句中作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等。 She is very tired.她很疲劳。(表语) The boy wore a pair of faded jeans.那个男孩穿了一条褪色的牛仔裤。(定语) She found the village grea
15、tly changed.她发现这个村庄变化很大。(宾语补足语),3现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别。 (1)现在分词作定语与它所修饰的名词存在逻辑上的主谓关 系，表示该动作的主动或者进行。 a sleeping child一个正在睡觉的孩子 a developing country一个发展中国家 boiling water正在沸腾的水 a surprising look一个令人吃惊的表情,(2)过去分词作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系，表示该动作的被动或者完成。 the novel written by Lu Xun 鲁迅写的那篇小说 a singer surrounded by a g
16、roup of fans 被粉丝包围的歌手 fallen leaves 落叶 a snowcovered city被雪覆盖的城市,1(2019原创)Ode to the West Wind is a great poem by Shelly. Awrite Bwrote Cwriting Dwritten,2(2017黑龙江龙东中考改编)I saw Jim into that new building just now. Oh, its our new library. It to the public for a week. Awalk; has opened Bwalking; has been open Cwalking; has opened Dwalk; has been opened,
