《国画文化知识课件》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《国画文化知识课件（80页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Traditional Chinese Painting,Contents,Introduction,History,Forms in a grimmer sense herein, it was meant the unequaled style of painting formulated by means of the Chinese writing brush and ink according to the long-established tradition.,Chinese traditional painting is highly regarded throughout th
2、e world for its theory, expression, and techniques. According to the means of expression, Chinese painting can be divided into two categories: the freehand（ xieyi写意） school and the meticulous （ gongbi工笔） school. The xieyi school is marked by exaggerated forms and freehand brush work. The gongbi scho
3、ol is characterized by close attention to detail and fine brush work.,Different from Western paintings, a Chinese painting is not restricted by the focal point（焦点） in its perspective. The artist may paint on a long and narrow piece of paper or silk all the scenes along the Yangtse River. It can be s
4、aid that the adoption of shifting perspective is one of the characteristics of Chinese painting. Why do the Chinese artists emphasize the shifting perspective? They want to break away from the restrictions of time and space and to include in their pictures both things which are far and things which
5、are near. Also, the artists find that in life people view their surroundings from a mobile focal point. As one walks along a river or in a garden, one sees everything on the way. The shifting perspective enables the artist to express freely what he wants.,Chinese calligraphy and Chinese painting are
6、 closely related because lines are used in both. Chinese people have turned simple lines into a highly-developed form of art. Lines are used not only to draw contours （外形）but to express the artists concepts and feelings. For different subjects and different purposes a variety of lines are used. They
7、 may be straight or curved, hard or soft, thick or thin, pale or dark, and the ink may be dry or running. The use of lines and strokes is one of the elements that give Chinese painting its unique qualities.,Traditional Chinese painting is a combination in the same picture of the arts of poetry, call
8、igraphy, painting, and seal engraving. In ancient times most artists were poets and calligraphers. Su Dongpo (1037-1101), Ni Yunlin (1306-1374), and Dong Qichang (1555-1636) were such artists. To the Chinese, painting in poetry and poetry in painting has been one of the criteria for excellent works
9、of art. Inscriptions and seal impressions help to explain the painters ideas and sentiments and also add decorative beauty to the painting. For Chinese graphic art, poetry, calligraphy, painting, and seal engraving are necessary parts, which supplement and enrich one another.,History,Chinese traditi
10、onal painting dates back to the Neolithic Period(新石器时代) about six thousand years ago. The colored pottery with painted animals, fish, deer, and frogs excavated in the 1920s indicate that during the Neolithic Period the Chinese had already started to use brushes to paint.,Chinese Painting in Primitiv
11、e Period,The ancient Chinese painted or drew patterns of flowers and plants or figures of animals on pottery, which formed the art of the most primitive paintings.,Chinese Painting in Qin and Han dynasties,In Qin and Han dynasties, the artistic skills of painting saw a further improvement. Surviving
12、 Han paintings include mainly tomb(墓碑) paintings and colored paintings on clay and lacquer（漆）.,Chinese Painting in Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern periods,Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern periods experienced great development and changes in Chinese painting. Buddhist painting was improved greatly wit
13、h the spread of Buddhism and dominated much of the achievements at these periods. Meanwhile, painting techniques advanced and significant achievement was made in figure painting(人物画). Gu Kai zhi(346-407),and his works are the representatives of this period.,Chinese Painting in the Tang Dynasty,The T
14、ang Dynasty (618-907) witnessed the prosperity of figure painting, where the most outstanding painters were Zhang Xuan(张萱)and Zhou Fang(周昉 ). Their paintings, depicting the life of noble women and court ladies, exerted an eternal influence on the development of shi nu hua() (painting of beauties), w
15、hich comprise an important branch of traditional Chinese painting today.,Chinese Painting in the Five Dynasties,Beginning in the Five Dynasties (907-960), each dynasty set up an art academy that gathered together the best painters throughout China. Academy members, who were on the government payroll
16、 and wore official uniforms, drew portraits of emperors, nobles and aristocrats that depicted their daily lives. The system proved conducive to the development of painting. The succeeding Song Dynasty (960-1127) developed such academies into the Imperial Art Academy.,Paintings in the Song Dynasty,During the Song Dynasty, The emperors gave support to painting and as a result enjoyed wide popularity, with a variety of paintings flourishing. A royal painting academy was established, and
