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1、 虚拟语气（1）倒推时态类 定义：虚拟语气是一种动词形式，有两种意思 1.表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等（非真实条件状从和让步状从） 2.表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议（名词性从句：主宾表同） 使用情景 1.用来表达一个假设或纯粹的意愿（与事实相反或不太可能实现） （如果我是宇航员，我要在月球上跳舞） 2.用来缓和语气，使句子更委婉、礼貌、得体 （如果你能接受我的邀请，我将不胜感激） 3.表示烦恼、不耐烦等情绪 （你要是能考上大学，全家都烧高香了） 4.表示适度的责备或批评 （如果你那时更耐心点，现在我们都成功了） 5.表示美好的祝愿或祝福 （祝你成功）1. 虚拟条件
2、句 一般虚拟条件句 假设情况从句的谓语动词主句的谓语形式例句与现在事实相反一般过去式(be动词常用were)did/werewould should 动词原形 might could If I were you,I wouldnt be so proud.如果我是你，我不会这么骄傲(我不是你)If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话，我会告诉你（我不知）与过去事实相反过去完成时had donewould should have done might could If he had taken my advice, he
3、would not have made such a mistake.如果他采纳我的建议，他就不会犯下这样的错误。（已经发生了，他没采纳）If I had got there earlier, I would have met her.如果我早点来，我本来能见到她的。（已经发生了，我没早点来）与将来事实相反1) 一般过去式（be动词常用were）2) should+动词原形3) were to+动词原形would should 动词原形 might could If you succeeded,If you should succeed, everything would be all rig
4、ht.If you were to succeed,如果你将来成功了，一切都会好的。（你以后不太可能成功）If there were a snow next Sunday, we would not go skating.如果下星期天有雪，我们就不去滑雪了。（星期天不太可能有雪） 混合虚拟语气（错综时间条件句） 定义：条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为发生的时间不一致 例子： If you had followed my advice, you would be better now. 如果那时你听了我的建议，现在已经好了 If it hadnt been for you, I would
5、 have to make another trip there tomorrow. 如果不是你的话，我明天还要再走一趟。 If you had studied hard before,you would be a college student now. 如果你以前努力学习的话，你现在就是大学生了。 省略+倒装 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词中含有were，should，had时，if可以省略，并将were,should,had提前于句首，变为倒装句。如果虚拟条件句是否定句，not 保留在原处 If he should agree to go there, we should send him th
6、ere. = Should he agree to go there,we should send him there. If she were there,she would agree with us. = Were she were, she would agree with us. If he had learnt about computers,we would have hired him. = Had he learnt about computers,we would have hired him. 含蓄虚拟条件句 定义：有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条
7、件状语从句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件从句 分类：1) but for.=(If it+be not for) ； without； Without your help ,we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time. = But for your help,we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time. = If it hadnt been for your help,we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time. 没有你的帮助，我们不可能完成
8、任务。 写作：没有你的帮助，我们不可能在英语口语取得如此大的进步。 Without your help, we couldnt have made such great progress in our spoken English. 2) otherwise, or, but I was ill that day. Otherwise,I would have taken part in the sports meeting. 我那天病了。否则，我就参加运动会了 He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known
9、 nothing about it. 他打电话通知了我你的生日，否则，我对此一无所知。 I would write to her, but I dont know her address. 我要给她写信来着，但是我不知道她的地址。 3）A few hours earlier(=If you had come a few hours earlier), you would have been able to meet the famous writer.2. would rather+宾语从句，(宁愿.) 宾语从句使用虚拟语气， would rather后的宾语从句 对过去的虚拟从句用had d
10、one 对现在或将来的虚拟从句用did/were I would rather they didnt hear of the news. 我宁愿他们没听到那个消息（对现在或将来的虚拟） I would rather I had not told him the bad news. 我宁愿我没有告诉他这个坏消息（实际已经告诉了，对过去的虚拟） # would rather do than do would do rather than do 宁可.不愿. Prefer to do rather than do would rather have done 本来想要做某事（而未实现）3. as i
11、f 和as though引导的方式状语从句或表语从句有时用虚拟 主句谓语 从句谓语 (从句)时态 先发生 后发生 would/could/might+动词原形 He learns English so hard as if he would go to the U.S.A. 他如此努力地学英语（现在），好像他要去美国（以后） 后发生 先发生 过去完成时had done She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America. 她英语说的这么流利（现在），好像之前在美国学过英语（过去）同时发生 一般过去时did/ were He looks as if he were an artist. 他看起来（现在）好像他是一个作家（现在）(同时) 4. if only(要是.就好了)句型=I wish常常用来表
