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1、我们必须了解文章的框架结构，掌握语篇的衔接手段，把握句际和段际之间的逻辑关系，才可有效解题。,1. 了解文章的框架结构 七选五阅读的文章，无论是描述性说明文还是指导性说明文，一般是“总分”结构，有主题段，每段有主题句或小标题。 “如何做”这类指导性说明文的基本结构如下： 第一部分：主题段 (起承转合) 第二部分：如何做 (方法或建议一条条分段列出，常有小标题和主题句) 第三部分：希望或评价 (经常无此部分),其中，第一部分或主题段为“起承转合”结构。“起”就是开端，或提出主题或吸引读者关注主题；“承”就是承接上文加以申述；“转”就是转折，指出问题或困难；“合”就是给出解决问题的方法或建议。,(
2、1)考承接句：承接上文加以申述。如： (2016卷)起Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum (总和) of its parts? 承 36 转But it doesnt happen by accident. 合It starts with ,B. Find a good place for your own garden. F. You can produce th
3、at kind of magical quality in your own garden, too.,解析：空前句以问句开头(起)，其目的是为了引出话题，空格处应是“承”接上文加以申述。选项F“你也可以在自己的花园里营造这种神奇的魔力”与此吻合，too为关键词。,(2) 考转折句：指出存在的矛盾和困难，提出疑问，常含有difficult, tough, problem，unfortunate, however, but等词。如：,(2019全国卷)起Your personal circumstances are equally important. 承For example, you may
4、 want to be a pilot but cant become one because your eyesight is not good enough. 转 40 合You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.,A. This can affect your work. C. However, this should not discourage you.,解析：起始句“你的个人情况同样重要。” 引出话题；空格前“你可能想成为一名飞行 员，但你因视力不够好而无法成为飞行员。”承接上
5、文加以申述；空后句“你应该重新评估你的目标，并且设定一个新的目标”是“合”，即如何解决问题；空格句应是“转”，选项C “然而，这不应该让你气馁”符合语境，故选 C项。,(3)考“合”句：即该部分结尾句，引出解决问题的方法或建议，也是具体建议前的概括性语句。如： (2017全国卷)起Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning and put the blame on the alarm clock. 转In fact, the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resetting your bod
6、y clock.合 36 Here is how to make one.,plan, Find the right motivation Rethink mornings Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends Keep a record and evaluate it weekly,C. A better plan for sleep can help. D. And consider setting a second alarm.,解析：该句“一个更好的睡眠计划是有帮助 的”，引出下一句“以下是如何设定它的方 法”，one即为a plan。故选
7、C。,如何 设定 它的 方法,2. 掌握语篇的衔接手段 语篇的衔接手段主要有语法手段(如替代等)和词汇手段(如复现关系、同现关系等)。 (1)语法手段(指代) 凡在选项中或空格前、后句中遇到代词，我们要思考该代词替代上文中的什么内容，意义是否通顺。如：,(2019全国卷) Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing (治愈). 38 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their r
8、ecovery. It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood (情绪). Greenery is good for us.,F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air with health care. G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun b
9、uilding Healing Gardens.,空格处句子中一定要有一个复数形式的名词,解析：空格后句讲“在这些地方，病人在康复期间可以亲近大自然”，由这里的these places可以推知，上文也就是空格处句子中一定要有一个复数形式的名词，选项G中有复数名词Healing Gardens，该句意思是“在全国，康复中心已经开始建造康复花园”。故答案是G。,(2) 词汇手段(复现/同现) 词语复现： 如果空格前、后句中与正确选项中含有相同的一个或几个词，叫原词或同词复现；如果前后句与选项中没有相同的词，但有同义表达，叫同义复现。如：,(2019全国卷) 37 Questions about s
10、ubject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus (教学大纲) and learning management system information to be sure the answer isnt hiding in plain sight.,D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails. G. Ask questions, but make sure they a
11、re good, thoughtful questions.,解析：空后句两次出现questions一词，七个选项中只有选项G中有questions，属于同词复现。本段是关于asking questions的，选项G“提出问题，但要确保它们是好的、深思熟虑的问题。”刚好与后一句联系起来。, 词语同现：就是有相互关联的词语在上下文中有同时出现的可能性。如school, teacher, student, headmaster, class, test, fail, pass, learn等词就有可能在同一篇文章中同时出现。如：,解析：与空后句中的ingredients(配料), pancakes
12、 (薄煎饼)可能同时出现的，只有选项A中的cook，故选A项(鼓励孩子跟你一起烹饪)。,(2014全国卷)Your children need to be deeply curious. 37 Ask kids, “What ingredients (配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time?” A. Encourage kids to cook with you. C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.,词语同现, 结构复现
13、：就是句子结构重复出现，常有also作为标志词。如：,(2019全国卷) 37 More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. Only then should you set your goals.,B. So how should you motivate your
14、self? D. So why should we try to set specific goals?,结构复现,解析：因空后句中how should you与选项B中 how should you是结构复现；下文提到“更重要的是，你应该如何保持动力来实现目标？”，将选项B“那么你应该如何激励自己呢？”代入文中，前后意义衔接。,值得注意的是，利用词语复现解题十分管用，但这并不意味着凡与上下句有复现词的选项就一定是正确选项，只是在解题过程中需重点考虑或优先考虑而已。是否正确，还得将含复现词的选项代入原文，看该选项与上下文是否衔接。,3. 把握句际的逻辑关系 (1) 总分关系:要求考生根据“总(
15、主题句)”选“分(支撑句或分述句)”,也可能根据“分”选“总”。如：,(2019全国卷) 40 While the suns rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin Dbut still protect your skinput on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working
16、, and thats plenty of time for your skin to absorb a days worth of Vitamin D.,C. Being in nature refreshes us. D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.,解析：由下文内容可知，本段主要讲在获得新鲜空气时，阳光带来的好处。将D项“获得新鲜空气的另一个好处是阳光”代入文中，前后语义衔接。空后句中的the suns rays(太阳的光线)与选项D中的sunlight为复现关系，故选D项。,(2) 顺承关系：顺承是按时间、空间或逻辑事理上的顺序说出连续的动作或相关的情况，分句之间有先后相承的关系。如：,(2019全国卷) Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question: “Should I jump?” T
