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1、宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。一、基本讲解1.概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分eg, He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语)Miss Zhang is angry at what you sai
2、d. (介词宾语)2.连接词(1)陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that, that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, de
3、clare, report等。eg:The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets. She told me (that) she would like to go with us.在以下情况中that不能省略1、当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better 2、 当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，th
4、at一般不可省。Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap. 3、 当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。I cant tell him that his mother died. 4、当it作形式宾语时 例句：She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。5、
5、当宾语从句前置时 That our team will win，I believe6、当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时; (2)以 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei .注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外。 a.当从句做介词的宾语是只用whether 不用if
6、 eg, We are talking about whether well go on the pinic. b.引导词与动词不定式或 not 连用时， 只用whether. eg, Please let me know what to do next. Could you tell me whether u go or not?c.只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句,if当如果讲时， 引导的是条件状语从句， 这时不能用whether.1、 if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny. 2、 if
7、引导否定概念的宾语从句时He asked if I didnt come to school yesterday. 3、 引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时He talks as if he has known all about it. (3).特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词；引导词后要用陈述句语序。E.g. Could you tell me whats the matterwrong with you?特殊情况：当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为引导词do you think陈述句语序。(4).连接代词和连接副词引
8、导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。连接代词：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.Do you know who has won Red
9、Alert game?你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏么？The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么.Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。He didnt tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面. Cou
10、ld you please tell me how you use the new panel? 你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗? None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.3.宾语从句时态a.当主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主句的限制，根据自身的需要选用相应的时态。例如：eg.Do you know（if/whether he has seen the film）?b.当主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去时的相应时态。eg.I didnt know （if/whether
11、he had seen the film.）注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如：He said （that the earth moves round the sun.） The teacher told us （that light travels much faster than sound.）4.、人称的变化和标点的使用a.从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如： “May I use your knife？”He asked me.
12、 He asked me if he might use my knife. “Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. He asked me if I know her telephone number.b. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如： Who will give us a talk? I dont know. I dont know who will give us a talk.Do you know？Where does he live? Do you know where he l
13、ives?二、宾语从句的转化1.2. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。eg, She agreed that she could help me with my maths. She agreed to help me with my maths.2.当主句的谓语动词是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时，主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词不定式结构”。eg:I dont know which sweater
14、 I should buy .I dont know which sweater to buy.3.当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell, show, teach等后面带双宾语时，从句的主语和间接宾语一致，且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时，从句可以转化成“疑问词不定式结构”,或者在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词不定式”结构。如：Could you tell me how to get to the park?4. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不
15、定式或V-ing形式She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.附：运用虚拟语气的情况在表示 建议 suggest 、advise、propose; 要求demand 、desire、request； 决定 decide; 命令 order、command、require;坚决主张 insist; 等动词后跟宾语从句，用（should）+v（虚拟语气） Eg： I suggested that you（should）study hard He ordered that we should go out at once 虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。虚拟语气的用法： 1) 虚拟语气用在简单句中，表示祝愿，命令。如： May you be happy.
