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1、考点4：,这类试题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推测作者未明确提到的事实或某事件发展的趋势。这种判断和推理的能力是阅读理解能力的重要组成部分，因而也是阅读理解部分重点考查的能力之一。每年每套题通常会有24题。 这类试题主要是要求考生推断隐含意义，有时也会要求考生推断文章出处、识别语篇类型，以及推断文中人物或组织的观点态度等。,每年每套题中一般会有一道题的题干含infer(推断)，明确要求考生推断隐含意思。如： We can infer that(2019年全国卷) What can we infer about? (2019年全国卷；2018年全国卷) What can we
2、infer from? (2017年全国卷),但是，更多地是以what, why或which开头提问，且有时含learn about(了解)或probably(可能)等字眼。如： What can we learn about? (2019年全国卷；2019年全国卷；2016年全国卷) What do we learn about? (2019年全国卷；2015年全国卷),What will probably happen to the building? (2017年全国卷) Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their d
3、reams? (2016年全国卷) Which of the following best describes? (2019年全国卷；2019年全国卷；2015年全国卷),解答这类试题，一定要根据文章提供的事实和线索去推断，而不是主观臆断，即推测有理，判断有据。因此，首先要在文中找到依据，然后理解其字面意思，再据此进行逻辑推理，做出判断，最后比较各选项，确定正确选项。即“一找二理，三推四比”。 注意排除无中生有(文中无据)、简单事实(无需推理)、推理过度、黑白颠倒(与文中所述事实相反)、张冠李戴(借用文中某个词迷惑考生)等选项。,典型例题2019年全国卷24 “You can use me a
4、s a last resort (选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse (长曲棍球) club. What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph 1? A. She knows little about the club. B. She isnt
5、 good at sports. C. She just doesnt want to volunteer. D. Shes unable to meet her schedule.,点拨：由infer可知为推断题。 一找(依据)：由题干中的paragraph 1可定位到第一段。 二理(解字面意思)：“你可以把我当做最后的选择，如果没有其他人自愿做的话，那么我会做的。”这是在我为我的孩子们的长曲棍球俱乐部发出志愿者请求后，一位家长的真实答复。 三推(理或判断)：由“把我当做最后的选择”可判断：这位家长不想做志愿者。 四比(较各选项)：“她对俱乐部知之甚少”“她不擅长运动”“她只是不想做志愿者”
6、“她无法完成她的日程安排”。 答案：只有C项正确。,对点练习,1. (2019年全国卷26) Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just l
7、earning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast (夸耀) about themselves. “Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,” Whaley says, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”, We can infer that the purpose of Whaleys project is t
8、o _. A. help students see their own strengths B. assess students public speaking skills C. prepare students for their future jobs D. inspire students love for politics,A 一找：由题干中的project可定位到第五段 (所选段落) 最后两句“Whaley says the project is aboutHe wants these kids to learn to boast (夸耀) about themselves.”。二
9、理：这个项目不仅仅学习在公共场合阅读和演讲。他希望孩子们学会夸耀自己。三推：由“学会夸耀自己”可判断：看到自己的优点。四比：“帮助学生看到他们自己的优点”“评估学生的公开演讲技巧”“为学生未来的工作做准备”“激发学生对政治的热爱”。只有A项正确。,2. (2019年全国卷26) Im secretly relieved because I know theres real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends
10、out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodth
11、irsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal., What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3? A. She gets interested in lacrosse. B. She is proud of her kids. C. Shell work for another season. D. She becomes a good helper.,D 一找：第三段第二句和第三句。二理：那位不情愿的家长安排用餐时间、发送电子邮件，并为季末礼物筹
12、款。在这个过程中，那位家长最终成为团队中无价的一员。三推：由“那位家长最终成为团队中无价的一员”可判断：那位家长为团队做出了巨大的贡献。四比：“她对长曲棍球感兴趣”“她为她的孩子感到骄傲”“她将为下一个赛季工作”“她变成一个好帮手”。只有D项正确。,3. (2019年全国卷28)A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half (53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent) have lunch by t
13、hemselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report. What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about? A. Food variety. B. Eating habits. C. Table manners. D. Restaurant service.,B 一找：第二段。二理：一份新的报告发现，在美国有46%的人独自用餐。一半以上 (53%)的人独自吃早餐，近一半(46%)的人
14、独自吃午餐。根据该报告的统计数据，只有在晚餐时我们才会更多地与他人一起用餐(74%)。三推：从报告的内容来判断，该报告是关于用餐习惯。 四比：“食物多样性”“用餐习惯”“餐桌礼仪”“餐厅服务”。只有B项正确。,4. (2018年全国卷28) Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gath
15、erers, small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.,What can we infer about languages in hunt
16、er-gatherer times? A. They developed very fast. B. They were large in number. C. They had similar patterns. D. They were closely connected.,B 一找：由题干中的hunter-gatherer可定位到第 一段第二句和第三句 “Whenhunter-gatherers, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages”。二理： 当依然是狩猎采集者居住在这个世界上的时候，小而紧密的群体形成了各自独立的语言模式。一万年前，世界仅有五百万到一千万人时，可能有一万二千种语言。三推：由“五百到一千万人讲一万二千种语言”可判断：当时的语言在数量上非常大。四比：“语言发展快速”“语言数量大”“语言有相似模式”“语言紧密相连”。只有B项正确。,5. (2018年全国卷28) Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for f
