英语五大句子基本结构课件

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1、句子成分与结构,语法系列,英语的词性: 名词(nouns) n. 代词(pronoun) pron. 实词 数词(numeral) num. 形容词(adjective) adj. 或a. 副词(adverb) adv. 动词(verb) v 冠词(article) art 虚词 介词(preposition) prep. 连词(conjunction) conj. 助词(auxiliary) aux. 作文题目中,实词都大写,虚词要小写,一.英语句子的基本成分有8种:,主语 (subject)-s谓语 (predicate)-v宾语 (object)-o 定语 (attribute)-att

2、rib 状语 (adverbial)-adv补语 (complement)-c 表语 (predicative)-p 同位语(Appositive),I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday., 主语, 谓 语, 定语, 宾 语, 同位语, 状 语,英语句子的类型,简单句 并列句 复合句,只有一个主谓结构,有两个或两个以上主谓结构,一个主句加一个或几个从句,简单句基本句型,陈述对象+陈述内容 主语+谓语 谓语动词决定了一个句子的骨架结构 启示:(1)分析复杂句时,先找谓语。 (2)写句子时,要知道谓语动词的用法特点,二.五种简单基本句型

3、,主语+谓语+宾语 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语,动词,系动词,不及物动词,及物动词,主语+系+表语,主语+谓语,基本句型(1):主+系+表,表语是说明主语的,如用来说明主语的 身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的,通常在 系动词后。,1) My uncle is a professor. 2) He looked tired. 3) The basketball match is on. 4) All the pupils are on the playground now. 5) Our aim was to win more medals. 6) His wor

4、k is teaching French. 7) The question is who can really repair the machines.,1) My uncle is a professor. 2) He looked tired. 3) The basketball match is on. 4) All the pupils are on the playground now. 5) Our aim was to win more medals. 6) His work is teaching French. 7) The question is who can reall

5、y repair the machines.,系动词: 1) be, seem ,appear 2) look, sound ,taste, smell, feel 3) get, turn, grow ,become, go 4) stay, remain, keep, continue,感官类,变化类,维持类,基本句型 (2) 主+谓:S+V,谓语动词特特点: 不及物动词(本身意思完整,后面不需要宾语),1. The sun rises. (rise-rose-risen 是vi,不能带O.) 2. The red sun rises. ( red修饰sun,作定语) 3. The red

6、 sun rises in the east. (状语Adverbial),【练1/4】第一印象很重要。 【练2/4】近年来政府对报纸的控制已经放松了。 【练3/4】当焦点人物或其角色成员对他在某特定时段所担任角色的确切定义在思想上存在疑惑时,就出现了角色模糊。(剑3,T2,R),The first impression counts/matters.,The control has loosened.,Role ambiguity results when,Translation,1. 你应当努力学习。 2. 她昨天回家很晚。 3. 那天早上我们谈了很多。 4. 会议将持续两个小时。 5.

7、在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。,You should study hard.,She went home very late yesterday evening.,That morning we talked a great deal.,The meeting will last two hours.,Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years.,基本句型(3)主语+谓语+ (S. + V. + O. ) 该句型的谓语动词必须是vt或vt的动词词组;宾语必须是名词或相当于名词的成分。,【

8、练1/5】教育满足需要。 【练2/5】美国的一项研究已表明气温和街头骚乱之间存在联系。 【练4/5】所有这些因素或许可以证明巨大的收入是合理的。(剑6,T2,W),Education meets/satisfies the demand/need.,Research shows a relationship.,Factors can justify earnings.,Translation 1.昨晚我写了一封信。 2.今天下午我想同你谈谈。 3.这本书他读过多次了。 4.他们成功地完成了计划。,I wrote a letter last night.,I want to talk with

9、you this afternoon.,He has read this book many times.,They have carried out the plan successfully.,注意:带 V-ing 做宾语的动词有: suggest, advise, stop, resist, enjoy, imagine,finish, escape, admit, excuse, delay, practise, consider, keep, mind, understand, avoid, miss, risk succeed in, be busy,be worth, be us

10、ed to, give up, look forward to,注意:带 to do 做宾语的动词有: offer, learn, intend, plan, demand, ask, promise, help,prepare,decide, determine,refuse, dare,manage,wish, hope, want, expect, fail,pretend,choose, seem, expect, hope, offer, agree, refuse, learn, help, plan, intend, etc.,基本句型(4)主语+谓语+宾语+宾语 (S. + V

11、. + O.+O. ) 请观察:1)He brings me cookies every day. 如果意思不变,也可以怎么说呢? 2)He brings cookies to me every day. 即要借助于介词to或for,朗读: He brings me cookies every day. He brings cookies to me every day. She made me a beautiful dress. She made a beautiful dress for me. 归纳: to侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着,向着,对着某人。 for 侧重指动作的受益者,表示为

12、了某人,替某人。,常跟双宾语的动词有: (需借助to的)bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise,return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask,等。 (需借助for 的)buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order,sing, save, spare,等。,翻译练习: 1. Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3. Mary把钱包交给校长了 4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗?5. 他把车票给列车员

13、看。,1.Mr Johnson taught us German last year. 2.Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 3.Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster. 4.Would you please pass me the dictionary? 5.He showed the ticket to the conductor.,基本句型(5)主谓宾宾补 S+Vt.+O+O.C 宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑的主谓关系,若无宾语补足语,则句意不完整。宾补时补充说明宾语的。可以用做宾补的

14、有:名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,动词不定式,分词等。如: The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing. You must get your hair cut. They made Tom monitor. 用 it 做形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面,以使句子结构平衡,是英语常用的句型结构方式。即:主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如: I found it very pleasant to be with your family.,Translation: 1我们叫她Alice. 2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 3他们把小偷释放了。 4我

15、要你把真相告诉我。 5 .卫兵命令我们立即离开。 6. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 7他每个月理一次发 8我们不会让她在晚上外出的。,We call her Alice.,All of us considered him honest.,They have set the thief free.,I want you to tell me the truth.,The guards ordered us to leave at once.,Every morning we hear him read English aloud.,He has his hair cut once a m

16、onth.,We wont let her go out at night.,句子基本结构(5种) 1) 主语+连系动词+表语(S+L+P) He is a professor. 他是一位教授.,Revision,句子基本结构(5种) 2) 主语+谓语(S+V) Day dawns. 天亮了.,句子 (Sentence),句子基本结构(5种) 3) 主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O) She understands French. 她懂法语.,句子 (Sentence),句子基本结构(5种) 4) 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO) He told us the whole story. 他把全部经过告诉了我们.,句子 (Sentence),句子基本结构(5种) 5) 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语(S+V+O+C) He found George intelligent. 他发现乔治很聪明.,句子 (Senten

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