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1、中考英语情态动词考点归纳与例析 【重点讲解】情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,表示“必须”、“可能”、“应当”、“必要”等。情态动词本身具有一定的意义,但词义不完全,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化,没有非谓语形式。常见情态动词用法归纳:1. can 和could: can表示能力、可能,只用于一般现在时,过去时用could。(比较:be able to可以用于多种时态。) 但could表示提出委婉的请求,或在否定,疑问句中表示推测或怀疑时,不表示时态。例如:Could I have the television on? 我可以打开电视吗?He c
2、ouldnt be a bad man.他不大可能是坏人。2. may和might表示允许或请求。might表示推测时,不表示时态,只是表示可能性比may小。3. may(might) have + done sth的意思是“可能已经做了某事”,推测在过去时间里可能发生的事情。例如:He may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.4. must和have to都是“必须”的意思。have to 表示客观的需要,must 表示说话人主观上的看法,既主观上的必要。have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。另
3、外,must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为“一定”。否定推测用cant。5. must have +done sth 表示对过去可能发生的事情的推测,语气较强,具有“肯定”,“谅必”的意思。例如:- Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.- She must have gone by bus.6. should 和ought to 都是“应该”的意思,可用于各种人称。7. ought to have done sth/ should have done sth 表示本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做。否定句则表示“不该做某
4、事而做了”。另外,ought to 在语气上比should 要强。例如:You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.8. need和dare 既可用作实义动词用,又可用作情态动词用。作为情态动词,两者都只能用于疑问句,否定句和条件句中。9. neednt have done sth 表示“本没必要做某事”。例如:I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I neednt hav
5、e done so. The weather was hot.10. Will/Would you do? 表示“请求”、“劝说”。如果加上please,则语气更加客气。11. Shall I/ we? 表示征求意见。12. would like to do sth 表示“想要做某事(= want to do sth)”,为固定搭配。例如:Would you like to go with me?【中考链接】1. - Can I go fishing with you, Dad? - No, you _. You _ stay at home and do your homework firs
6、t. A. wont, mayB. cant, mustC. shouldnt, oughtD. neednt, should 答案:B。【解析】问句是说“可以去钓鱼吗?”从答句结尾可知,父亲是叫孩子呆在家里做作业,所以否定回答应为No, you cant。2. - Our class won the English speaking contest.- Congratulations! You_ be very proud of it.A. canB. need C. would D. must答案:D。【解析】根据上下文,本题要填表示肯定推测的must。答句的意思是“祝贺你们!你们一定为此
7、而自豪。”3.- Have you seen my glasses?I _ find them. - Sorry, I havent seen them.A. cantB. shouldntC. wontD. mustnt答案:A。【解析】提问的人是在找不到自己的眼镜的情况下问 “Have you seen my glasses?”的,所以选A。4. - Must I write all the words down now?- No, you _. A. mustnt B. cantC. wont D. neednt 答案:D。【解析】用must提问时,否定回答表示“不必要”时,用needn
8、t。5. - The sports shoes must be Lindas.- No, they _ be. Theyre too small for her. A. mustnt B. cant C. may not D. might not 答案:B。【解析】从答句开头可知,这里是有把握的否定判断,要用cant。句意为“不可能是”。6. - You _sleep in class. - Sorry, Miss Wang. I _.A. mustnt, mustnt B. cant , neednt B. C. mustnt, wont D. shouldnt , may not答案:C。
9、【解析】 mustnt 表示禁止,意思是“千万不要”。第二空填wont, 表示“我不会再睡觉的” 。7. - May I take the magazine out of the reading room? - _. Please read it here.A. Certainly. B. No, you neednt C. No, you cant. D. No, you may not.答案:C。【解析】阅览室的杂志一般只能在阅览室里看,是不可以拿走的。”cant”表示“不可以”,语气较强,所以选C。8. - Excuse me , how can I get to the hi-tech
10、 Exhibition Hall? - Sorry, I am new here. The policeman over there _know.A. shall B. may C. need D. would 答案:B。【解析】may表示猜测,意思为“可能”。问句的意思是“怎样去高交会馆?”。回答是“那边的警察可能知道。”9. You _ return the book now. You can keep it for another week. A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant D. wont 答案:A。【解析】从结尾一句的意思判断选A 。neednt的意思是“不必”
11、。10. - Tom, where is your father? - Im not sure. He _ in his office. A. is B. may be C. maybe D. may 答案:B。【解析】 从 “Im not sure”判断,回答问题的人不能确定他父亲在那里,所以排除A。而C和D在句中都不能单独作谓语,故选B。11. He went back home just now. He _be here now. A. mightnt B. neednt C. cant D. has to答案:C。【解析】 cant表示表示猜测,意思是“不可能”。【习题精炼】1. -
12、Could I borrow your dictionary?-Yes, of course, you_. A. might B. will C. can D. should2. - Shall I tell John about it?- No, you _. Ive told him already. A. needntB. wouldntC. mustntD. shouldnt3. Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he meant no harm. A. tell B. have toldC. be tellingD. having told
13、4. - May I smoke here? - No, you _.A. mustnt B. dont C. neednt D. must5. You _ to school tomorrow if you go to look after your mother in the hospital.A. dont need come B. dont comeC. neednt to come D. neednt come6. - Is the girl in red Mary?- No, it _ be Mary . Shes doing her homework at home.A. mus
14、t B. may C. cant D. mustnt7. - Why isnt Tom in school today? - He _ be sick, or hed have been here already.A. should B. must C. may D. would8. - Is Mr Hu in the reading room?-No, he _be there. He has gone to Tianjing.A. mustnt B. neednt C. wont D. cant9. - May mustnt I go swimming in the river, Mum?- No, you _. Its dangerous.A. mustnt B. neednt C. dont D. havent10. - _you like to g