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1、Unit 5 Nelson Mandela a modern heroGrammar：定语从句（II）关系副词当引导定语从句的关系词在从句中作时间、地点、原因、方式状语时，应使用关系副词when，where，why或介词+which。1. 关系副词when指时间，代替先行词并在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如time，day，hour等。I remember the day when(=on which) I first met her. 我记得第一次遇见她的那天。(2016天津)We will put off the picnic in the park until n
2、ext week, the weather may be better.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when【答案】D【易错提醒】当先行词是时间名词时，既可以用when引导定语从句，也可以用that或which引导定语从句，关键要看关系词在从句中作何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当状语，用when引导；若关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。如：Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？（when在从句中作状语）Do you
3、 remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm?你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？（that或which作spent的宾语）2. 关系副词where指地点，代替先行词并在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词，如place，factory，house，village等。Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我出生的地方。Experiments with domestic dogs, one animal was given a treat
4、 and another denied, have shown that they possess a sense of fairness as they shared their treats.A. whatB. whereC. thatD. which【答案】B【易错提醒】1. 当先行词为地点名词时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。如：This is the house which/that was built by my grandfather forty years ago.这是我爷爷在40年前建造的房子。（定语从句中缺少主语，所以要用which/that
5、，而不用where）2. 当position，point，case，stage，situation，atmosphere等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，若定语从句中缺少状语，则用where来引导。如：Its helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.把孩子们放在一个能够让他们从不同角度看待自己的环境中对他们很有帮助。3. 关系副词why指原因，代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词一般是reason。Is this the reason why (for which)
6、 he refused our help? 这是他拒绝我们帮助的理由吗？ Do you know the reason Mary is crying? A. whenB. whereC. whyD. that 【答案】C【解析】句意：你知道玛丽哭的原因吗？the reason why.是一个固定句型，why在此引导原因状语从句，并在从句中作原因状语，故选C。【易错提醒】若代替先行词reason的关系词在定语从句中不作状语，而是充当主语或宾语，则用that或which来引导定语从句。如：I wont listen to the reason that/which you have given u
7、s. 我坚决不听你给我们的那个理由。（定语从句中缺少宾语，所以要用which/that，而不用why）4. 关系代词和关系副词的选择 定语从句的引导词用关系代词还是关系副词可用以下方法判断：用法依据根据从句的谓语动词若是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词；若是不及物动词，则用关系副词根据关系词在从句中作的成分把关系词放进定语从句中，若作主语或宾语用关系代词；若作状语则用关系副词This is the factory where he used to work. 这是他以前工作过的那家工厂。（work是不及物动词）This is the factory that/which I visited
8、last year. 这是我去年参观过的那家工厂。（visit是及物动词）The latest trend is the A4 waist challenge women take photos with an A4-sized paper placed in front of their midriffs (上腹部).A. whichB. whereC. whenD. as【答案】B5.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句在介词+关系代词引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which或whom，不能用that。先行词指物时，用which；先行词指人时，用whom。This is the book on
9、which I spent 5 yuan. 这就是那本我花了五元钱的书。My computer, without which I cant surf the Internet, crashed yesterday.昨天我的电脑瘫痪了，没有它我不能网上冲浪。Many young people, most were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.A. of whichB. of themC. of whomD. of those【答案】C【解析】定语从句的先行词是young people，表示他们中的大
10、多数应该使用most of whom。因为先行词指人，不能选择of which。 I. 用where，when，why，that，which, whether或whom填空1. Do you remember the scene _ Cao Cao and Liu Bei were drinking?2. He didnt know _ to go on or stop.3. I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.4. I will never for
11、get the days _ I was taken good care of in that village.5. None of us know the reason _ Tom was absent from the meeting.6. The reason _ he explained at the meeting for his absence didnt make sense.7. I still remember the night _ she left the house.8. However, this was a time one had got to have a pa
12、ssbook to live in Johannesburg.9. Today we have reached a stage we have almost no rights at all.10. The days are gone physical strength was all you needed to make a living.11. Do you know the reason John is so angry?II. 完成句子1. 请告诉我你从谁那儿借的这本英文小说。Please tell me _.2. 她12点到达，那时正在下大雨。She arrived at 12 oc
13、lock _.3. 他现在就读的那所学校大约离城三公里。The school _ is about _ from the town.4. 那就是他旷课的原因吗？_ he was absent from class?5. 我有许多朋友，其中有些出国了。I have many friends, _.III. 单项填空1. This is the hotel last month.A. which they stayedB. at that they stayedC. where they stayed atD. where they stayed2. Do you know the year th
14、e Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. whichB. thatC. whenD. on which3. The boy who was refused by the girl to whom he didnt .A. lost his heart; lose heartB. lose heart; lose his heartC. lose heart; lose heartD. lost his heart; lose his heart4. We were put into a position we had either to accept we were less important,
