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1、专业英语,有机化合物的命名,Nomenclature of Organic Compounds,非官能团化合物 Nonfunctional Compounds 1烃类-（烷烃 Alkane烯烃 Alkene炔烃Alkyne） 2单环化合物（Monocyclic compounds） 3、官能团化合物 Functional compounds,有机化合物的命名,有机化合物的命名,系统命名 IUPAC names (systematic names) 俗名法 trivial names (popular names) 国际理论和应用化学联合会 IUPAC: International Union
2、of Pure and Applied Chemistry,官能团化合物,卤代烃-Alkyl halides 醇- Alcohols 硫醇-Thiols 醇盐-The salts of alcohols (ROM) 硫醇盐-The salts of thiols (RSM) 醚-Ethers (R1-O-R2),官能团化合物,环氧化合物-Epoxides 硫化物-Sulfides R1-S-R2) 胺-Amines 醛-Aldehydes 酮-Ketones 羧酸-Carboxylic acids,官能团化合物,酰胺-Amides 酯-Ester 羧酸盐-The salts of acids
3、酸酐-Carboxylic anhydrides 酰氯-Acyl halides 腈-Nitriles,官能团化合物,内酯和内酰胺-Lactones and lactams 缩醛和缩酮-Acetals and ketals 亚胺-Imines 氢过氧化物-Hydroperoxides 过氧化二乙醚-Ether peroxides (ROOR) 过氧酸-Acid peroxides,1、卤代烃-Alkyl halides,命名规则 halo + the name of alkane - halo+烷烃的名称 The name of alkyl group + halide-烷基 + halide
4、 卤素halogen-halo 卤化物-halide,1、卤代烃-Alkyl halides,卤族元素,（卤素取代基）halo: fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo （卤化物） Halide: fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide,取代基 substituents,Some Functional Groups Named as Prefixes,* methoxy-, ethoxy-, etc., depending upon the R group,1、卤代烃-Alkyl halides,Systematic name: prefix “
5、halo-： fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, iodo-” + the name of alkane 系统命名法：卤素取代基（ halo： fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, iodo- ）+烷烃名 Trivial name (C1-C4): the name of alkyl group + fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide 俗名法：烷基取代基+ Halide（ fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide）,1、卤代烃-Alkyl halides,异丙基氯化物 叔丁基氯化物,2-iodopr
6、opane isopropyl iodide,2-bromoisohexane,1、卤代烃-Alkyl halides,Some special names for alkyl halides: CHX3 chloroform bromoform iodoform CH2Cl2 methylene chloride CCl4 carbon tetrachloride Cl3C-CCl3 perchloro ethane,1、一些卤代烃的专用名称,2、醇- Alcohols,Rule：The name of alcohol are given by replacing the final let
7、ter “e” of the name of alkane（Alkene，Alkyne） with the suffix “ol ” 规则：去掉烃名称Alkane，Alkene，Alkyne的最后一个字母e，加上后缀 “ol”,2、醇- Alcohols,Systematic name: Select the longest continuous chain to which the OH group is directly attached, and give the OH group the possible lower position number.,2、醇- Alcohols,Tri
8、vial name (C1-C4): the name of alkyl group + alcohol,2、醇- Alcohols, Alcohols containing more than one OH group Systematic name: suffix: -diol, -triol Trivial name: glycol(乙二醇), glycerol （丙三醇）,2-propanol isopropanol,2、醇- Alcohols,5-methyl-3-propyl-2-hexanol,2、醇- Alcohols,3,4-dichloro-2-butanol,2-cycl
9、opentenol,2、醇- Alcohols,2-methyl-1,4-cyclohexanediol,3、硫醇-Thiols -SH,Systematic name: the name of alkane + thiol 系统命名法：烷烃名称alkane加上后缀“thiol”,1-propanethiol 0-mercaptotoluene mercapto 含巯基的，含硫氢基的,3、硫醇-Thiols -SH,3、硫醇-Thiols -SH,Trivial name ：the name of alkyl group + mercaptan,4、醇盐-The salts of alcoho
10、ls (ROM),Systematic name: The name of cation + the name of R group + oxide 规则：阳离子名称+取代基R名称+oxide,4、醇盐-The salts of alcohols (ROM),potassium isopentyl oxide,ammonium cyclohexyl oxide,5、硫醇盐The salts of thiols (RSM),Systematic name: the name of cation + the name of thiol + ate Trivial name ：the name of
11、 cation + the name of R group + sulfide 规则： 系统命名法：阳离子名称+硫醇名称+ 后缀ate 俗名法：阳离子名称+取代基R+sulfide,5、硫醇盐The salts of thiols (RSM),lithium tert-butyl sulfide lithium tert-butanethiolate lithium 2-methylpropane-2-thiolate,6、醚-Ethers (R1-O-R2),Systematic name: name the simple OR group as a substituent, the lon
12、g chain as a parent body 规则：简单的烷氧基作为取代基，长碳链作为主链 CH3O- C-C-O- C-C-C-O- C-C-C-C-O- methoxy ethoxy propoxy butoxy C5H11O- C6H13O- suffix: -yloxy pentyloxy hexyloxy,6、醚-Ethers (R1-O-R2),Systematic name,6、醚-Ethers (R1-O-R2),Trivial name: list the names of both groups that attached to the oxygen in an alp
13、habetic order + ether 俗名法：按照字母顺序列出和氧原子相连的两个烷基+ ether,sec-butyl methyl ether仲丁基 2-methoxybutane,ethyl isopropyl ether,6、醚-Ethers (R1-O-R2),(di)ethyl ether,Trivial name:,冠醚-crown ethers规则：碳原子个数+crown+氧原子个数,8-crown-4 12-crown-6,6、醚-Ethers (R1-O-R2),1-chloro-1,2-epoxypropane,7. 环氧化合物Epoxides,Systematic
14、name: epoxy + the name of alkane 规则： epoxy+烷烃名称,2-(methylthio)butane,8. 硫醚Sulfides R1-S-R2,thioethers sulfides (RSR, 硫醚) -SR, alkylthio, 烷基硫基 Systematic name: name the simple SR group as a substituent, the long chain as a parent body. The name of small alkylthio + the name of alkane 规则：简单的烷基硫基作为取代基，
15、长碳链作为主链,8. 硫醚Sulfides R1-S-R2,Trivival name： the name of R1 + the name of R2 + sulfide 规则：按照字母顺序列出和硫原子相连的两个烷基+ sulfide,sec-butyl methyl sulfide 仲丁基,p-(ethylthio)benzoic acid p-ethyl(thio)benzoic acid,8. 硫醚Sulfides R1-S-R2,In order to avoid the confusion of SR and -SH groups in same cases, parenthesi
16、s must be correctly used.,8. 硫醚Sulfides R1-S-R2,8. 硫醚Sulfides R1-S-R2,RNH2 primary 伯胺 RRNH secondary 仲胺 RRRN tertiary 叔胺,9. 胺Amines RNH2,Quarternary ammonium 季铵盐 Ammonia Amine,9.胺Amines RNH2,Systematic name: list the names of small alkyl groups + the name of parent chain + amine. Replace the final letter “e” in the name of alkane + amine 系统命名法：列出取代基+主链+amine Trivial name: list the names of alkyl groups
