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1、主谓一致,AGREEMENT,Useful structures,语法详解： 所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。,The boy _ diving.,They _ diving.,Both Jack and Tim _ diving.,All of them _ diving.,Neither Jack nor Tim _ walking.,is,are,are,is,are,Finish the following exercises:,Bob,Bob _ a worker.,is,Mike,Mike and Bob _ workers.,
2、are,Both Mike and Bob _ workers.,are,Neither Mike nor Bob _a teacher.,is,Bill,Neither of them _ (know) how to teach English.,knows/know,All of them _ workers.,None of them _ (know) how to teach English.,are,knows/know,主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：,1. and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况： (1) He and she _both stu
3、dents of this school. 他和她都是这个学校的学生。 如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。,一、语法一致原则,are,(2) 但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物, 或者指同一概念的时候, 谓语要用单数。,The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance. 那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。 The knife and fork _on the table. 刀叉在桌子上。,is,is,2. 如果主语是不定式, 动词ing形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词一般用单数。 When he is co
4、ming _ very important. 他什么时候要来看起来很重要。 Collecting stamps _ his hobby. 收集邮票是他的爱好。 To love her _ not to break her wings. 爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。,seems,is,is,3. 定语从句的关系代词who, which, that在从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。 Those who_ singing may join us. Tom, who _ your friend, should help you.,enjoy,is,4. with, along wit
5、h, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including 如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用,谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化。例如： The teacher, together with his students, _ planting trees in the street. 老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。,is,Mr. Black , as well as two women, _ at the office.,is,Mr. Black,with, together with, along wi
6、th,either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在there be句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。,二、就近原则,Neither you nor I _ wrong. There _ a cup of tea and some apples on the table.,am,is,Not only the students but also the teacher _ for a holiday.,wishes,三、概念一致原则,所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语
7、法形式, 而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数, 但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数, 但在意义上却是单数。,1. 不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。,All of the apples _rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。 All of the apple _rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。,are,is,None of the money_ left. 没有剩下一点钱。 None of the students _ there. 没有学生在那里。,is,is,None 和 neither 有时当作单数看待，有时当作复数
8、看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。做主语时，谓动可用单数，也可用复数。但在代表不可数名词时常看作单数，因而谓动须用单数。,Neither of them _ (know) how to teach English.,None of them _ (know) how to teach English.,knows/know,knows/know,2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。,Half of the students _fi
9、nished their composition. 一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。 Half of the apple _bad. 一半的苹果坏了。 About 60 percent of the students in our school _boys. 我们学校, 大约百分之六十的学生是男生.,have,is,are,3. 集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数, 也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时, 动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。,His fa
10、mily _going out. 他们全家要外出。 His family _all music lovers. 他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。,is,are,4. 某些名词如people, police, cattle等,形式上是单数, 但意义上是复数, 谓语动词应用复数。people指“民族”时是例外。 The police _ searching for a thief. The cattle _ eating grass on the hill.,are,are,5. 复合不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用单数，如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, an
11、yone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。 Someone_ asking for you. 有人找你。 Nothing _ found in the room. 在屋子里什么也没找到。,is,is,6. 某些名词如clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses等, 通常只用其复数形式, 但当它们被a pair of 修饰时, 谓语动词用单数。如: The shoes _ worn out. 鞋子破了。 The pair of shoes _ worn out. 这双鞋破
12、了。,are,is,名词如trousers, pants, shorts, glasses, scissors以及clothes, goods等做主语，谓动要用复数；但当这类词前有a/the pair of修饰时，谓动用单数。,某些名词以s结尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等，谓语动词应用单数。 物理是一门很有趣的学科。,Physics is a very interesting subject.,8. every. and every .; each . and each .; no . and no . 在以上短语中and连接的单数名词
13、, 整个短语在句中作主语时, 谓语动词常使用单数。 Each man and each woman_ asked to attend.,is,班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。 听不到任何声音。,Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent.,No sound and no voice is heard.,9. 以a number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数; 以the number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 A number of new books_ on the desk. The number of students i
14、n you class _ 50.,are,is,10. 有些名词的单数和复数形式一样, 作主语的时候, 其谓语动词由上下文决定, 这一类名词有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。 Not every means _ useful. 不是每种方法都好使。 Not all means _ useful. 不是所有的方法都好使。,is,are,11. many a, more than one, one and a half与单数名词组成的短语, 谓语用单数。 Many a boy _ seen it. 许多孩子都看到了。 1
15、2. 书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词常用单数。 Thirty years _ not a long time. Roots is a famous American novel.,has,is,1. this kind of book = a book of this kind (这种书) , 其谓语用单数; 短语this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men (口语) (这一类人), 但this kind of men 的谓语用单数, men of this kind 和these kind of men 的谓语用复数, all kinds of 后跟复数名词, 谓语用复数形式。例如：,应该注意的几个问题:,This kind of men _ dangerous. Men of this kind _dan
