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1、1 现在完成时讲解 一、构成一、构成: 肯定式：主语 + 助动词 have/has + 动词的过去分词. 疑问式：助动词 Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词? 否定式: 主语 + 助动词 have/has + not + 动词的过去分词. 过去分词规则变化：过去分词规则变化： a)一般情况下，直接加 ed, （work-worked，water-watered, finish-finished 等;） b)以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词, 把 y 变成 i 再加 ed, （carry-carried study-studied 等;） c)以辅+元+辅结尾且中读的动词，要双写最后一
2、个辅音字母，再加 ed。 （stop-stopped，shop-shopped） d)以不发音的 e 结尾的动词，只加 d （ 过去分词不规则变化表： 二、用法：二、用法： 用法一：表示过去（已经、曾经或从未）发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。用法一：表示过去（已经、曾经或从未）发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 标志词：标志词： already, never, ever, just, yet, before, once/twice/数字数字+ times 例： I have cleaned my room. 我已打扫了房间(房间现在是干净的，不需要打扫了) They have lef
3、t. -他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里 I have never had a car (我从未有过汽车。) I have been there twice. a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强 调或加强语气；调或加强语气；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。用于否定句和疑问句。 He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。 Has he already left here? 他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气） My teachers havent had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有
4、吃早饭。 Have you written to your parents yet? 你已经给你父母写过信了吗？ b） never 是否定词，表示“从来没有” ，而是否定词，表示“从来没有” ，而 ever 表示“曾经”表示“曾经” We have never been to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有去过长城。 Have you ever been to Canada? 你们曾经去过加拿大吗？ c） just 用于句中用于句中, 表示“刚刚”表示“刚刚” Ive just had breakfast. 我刚吃完早饭。 What have they just done? 他们
5、刚刚做了什么？ d） before 用于句末用于句末, 表示“以前”表示“以前” Ive seen it before. 我以前见过它。 练习：用练习：用 never，ever，already，before, just 或或 yet 填空。填空。 1. I have _seen him before, so I have no idea about him. 2. Jack has _finished his homework. 3. -Have you _seen the film? -No, I have _seen it. 4. -Has the bus left _? -Yes, it
6、 has _ left. 5. Would you like to go to the zoo with me? Yes, but I have been there _. 2 has gone to, has been to, has been in 的区别：的区别： 1. have/has gone to 去了某地（还在某地没回来）去了某地（还在某地没回来） -Where is your father? 你爸爸在哪里？ -He has gone to Shanghai. 他去上海了。 2. have/has been to 曾经去过（已回，已不在去过的地方）曾经去过（已回，已不在去过的地方
7、） +次数（次数（once/twice/ 数字数字+times） My father has been to Shanghai 3 times. 我爸爸去过上海 3 次。 画线提问：_ has your father been to Shanghai? 3. have/has been in 待了多久（去了，现在仍在所待的地方）待了多久（去了，现在仍在所待的地方）+ for + 时间段时间段/ + since + 时间点时间点 My father has been in Shanghai for two months/ since two months ago. 我爸已经在上海待了两个月了。
8、画线提问：_has your father been in Shanghai? 注意：注意：注意遇到四个地点副词要去掉 to/in， 这四个地点副词是：here ,there ,home ,abroad 练习：用练习：用 have gone to / have been to / have been in / went to 填空。填空。 1. _ you ever _ Disneyland? 2. How many times _ you _ Disneyland ? 3. I _ Nanjing since two years ago 4. Mr. Li _ Hong Kong. And
9、hell come back in two days. 5. How long _ you _ Disneyland ? For three days. I _ the theme park last Sunday. 6. My father _ Hong Kong two weeks ago. 7. My father _ Hong Kong in 2005. 8. My father _ Hong Kong since 2005. 9. My father _ Hong Kong twice. 10. My father _ Hong Kong and he hasnt come back
10、 yet. 11. Wheres Lucy? She has_ to a restaurant for lunch. 12. Have you _ to this park before. 13. I have_ there only once this year. 14. She has _ to the shop to buy a notebook. 15. Youre late, Lao Wang has _ to Guangzhou. 用法二：表示过去已经开始用法二：表示过去已经开始, 并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 标志词：标志词：up to now,
11、so far, for +时间段时间段 since+时间点时间点 I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了 10 多年的英语。 She has swum since half an hour ago.我已经游泳了半个小时 a) for +一段时间一段时间 Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. 我在这里 5 周了。 Hes studied English for 3 years. 他学习英语 3 年了。 3 b) since +(表示过去某一时间的表示过去某一时间的)时间点时间点/单词单词/词组词组/ 从
12、句从句(一般过去时一般过去时) Eg. I have been here since 2000. 我自从 2000 年开始在这里。 I have been here since 5 years ago. 我自从 5 年前就在这里。 I have been here since I graduated in 2000. 我自从 2000 年毕业就在这里。 注：注：1) 对对 for 或或 since 引导的时间状语提问引导的时间状语提问 必须用必须用 how long, 决不能用决不能用 when. Eg. I have lived here for 10 years. 画线提问： _ _ ha
13、ve you lived here? 注注 2): 短暂性动词不能和短暂性动词不能和 for 或或 since 引导的时间状语连用引导的时间状语连用, 当然也不能用于当然也不能用于 how long 引导的问句中引导的问句中 Eg. (误)I have left there for 5 years. (正)I have been away there for 5 years. 为了表述这种意思为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的延续性动词我们常用相应的延续性动词 来代替短暂性动词。来代替短暂性动词。 become be, begin have , borrow keep, buy have, go
14、 out be out come (go, arrive, get) be in die be dead, finish be over, join be in （be a member of ） leave be away ( from), open be open close be closed 练习：练习： 选用选用 for 和和 since 填空填空: 1.We havent seen each other _ a long time. 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago. 3.The film has been on _
15、 20 minutes. 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China. 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years. 6. Its five years _ we met last time. 三、与一般过去时的用法比较三、与一般过去时的用法比较 1 现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调强调事情与现 在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等一直延续到现在等） ，不与表示过去的时间连用; 而一般过 去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系，常与表示过去的时间连用。 eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已
