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1、高中定语从句精讲高中定语从句精讲 一、误认为关系代词 whose 只用于修饰人 whose 用作疑问代词时，主要用于指人；但用作关系代词时，它既可 指人也可指物。如： It was an island, whose name I have forgotten. 它是一座岛，名字我忘 了。 The factory, whose workers are all women, is closed during the holidays. 这家工厂工人都是妇女，在假期中工厂关门了。 二、混淆定语从句与并列句 请看下面两题： 1. He has two children, and both of _ a
2、re abroad. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 2. He has two children, both of _ are abroad. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 第 1 题选 A，第 2 题选 C。由于第 1 题中用了并列连词 and，从而使 整个句子为并列句，and 后应是一个独立的简单句，所以选 A 不选 C ； 第 2 题没有并列连词 and，both of whom are abroad 为非限制性定语 从句。另外，请比较下面一题： He has two children, both of _ being
3、abroad. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 此题答案为 A，其中的 both of them being abroad 为独立主格结构， 用作状语。 请再看一组类似的例子： 1. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _ translated into foreign languages. A. it B. them C. which D. that 2. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _ were translated into foreign languages. A. it B. th
4、em C. which D. that 第 1 应选 B，而不能选 C，是因为句中的 translated 是过去分词(非谓 语动词)，若选 C，则该从句无谓语；第 2 应选 C，因为句中有谓语 were translated。比较下面一例： He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _ were translated into foreign languages. A. it B. them C. which D. that 此题与上面的第 2 题不同，两句间多了一个并列连词 and，说明这是 一个并列句，故应选 B，则不能选 C。 三、混淆关系代词与关系副
5、词 有的同学一看到先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词，就认为一定 要用关系副词，其实也不一定。在此情况下，还要看关系词在定语从 句中是用作什么成分，若是用作状语，则用关系副词，若不是用作状 语(如用作主语、宾语等)则不能用关系副词，而用关系代词。比较： This is the factory where I want to work. 这就是我想工作的工厂。 (work 为不及物动词 where 在从句中用作状语) This is the factory that I want to visit. 这就是我想参观的工厂。(visit 为 及物动词，that 用作 visit 的宾语) The
6、reason why he can t come is that he is ill. 他没来的是因为他病了。 (come 为不及物动词，why 在定语从句中用作状语) The reason that he put forth is very important. 他提出的理由很重要。 (put forth 为及物动词，that 在定语从句中用作其宾语) 比较下面的考题： 1. This is the room _I lived ten years ago. A. that B. where C. who D. what 2. This is the room _I lived in ten
7、years ago. A. that B. where C. who D. what 3. This is the room _I bought ten years ago. A. that B. where C. who D. what 4. This is the room _I visited ten years ago. A. that B. where C. who D. what 5. This is the room _I was born ten years ago. A. that B. where C. who D. what 第 1 题选 B，因为 live 是不及物动词
8、，它无需接宾语；第 2 题选 A， 因为虽然 live 不及物， 但 live in 却是及物， 它应有自己的宾语 ； 第 3、 4 题也应选 A， 因为 buy 和 visit 均为及物动词， 它们应有自己的宾语 ； 第 5 应选 B，因为 be born 无需有自己的宾语。 四、误认为逗号后一定是非限制性定语从句 有的同学一看见逗号，就以为一定要选 which 而不选 that，但问题是 有时根本就不是定语从句。如： 1. If a book is in English, _ means slow progress for you. A. as B. which C. what D. th
9、at 2. When I say two hours, _ includes time for eating. A. as B. which C. what D. that 以上两题均应选 that， 而不能选 which， 因为它们根本不是定语从句。 之所以选 that，是因为句中已有 if 和 when 引导的状语从句，逗号后 为主句，that 为主句主语。 第一种类型：考查 which 引导的非限制性定语从句 which 指代整个主句的内容， 它引导的定语从句一般位于主句的后面， 它的意思是“这(那)件事” ，在这些从句中 which 作主语或宾语。 如： 1. Jim passed t
10、he driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. (浙江卷) A. which B. that C. this D. it 解析：which 引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语。答案为 A。 第二种类型：考查 as 引导的非限制性定语从句 as 也可指代整个主句的内容，但不同于 which 的是，它引导的定语从 句既可以位于主句的前面，也可以位于主句的后面。它的意思是“正 如” ，在这些从句中 as 作主语或宾语。如： 1. _ I explained on the phone, your request will be consid
11、ered at the next meeting. (浙江卷) A. When B. After C. As D. Since 解析 ： 引导非限制性定语从句且位于主句之前， 用 as 引导。 答案为 C。 第三种类型：考查由“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句 用于这种情况的关系代词一般为 which(指物)和 whom(指人)。在这种 结构中，介词的选择非常关键，可以遵循以下四个原则 ： (1)根据定语 从句中的谓语动词确定介词，其动词与介词搭配，构成动词短语。(2) 根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词，其形容词与介词搭配，构成形容 词短语。 (3)根据定语从句修饰的先行词确定介词， 其先行词往往是
12、表 示时间、地点、原因、方法、工具等的词，它们与介词之间有一定的 联系。当“介词关系代词”在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状 语时， 可分别用 when, where, why 替换。 (4)根据句子的意思确定介词。 有些句子，先行词完全一样，定语从句中谓语动词不是由固定的动词 短语构成的，这时，要根据句子所要表达的意思，选用不同的介词。 如： 1. He was educated at a local grammar school, _ he went on to Cambridge. (山东卷) A. from which B. after that C. after which D. f
13、rom this 2. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _ they are being trained. (江西卷) A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which 解析：第 1 题选 C，after which 指“在此之后” ；第 2 题选 D，考查 的对应搭配是 be trained for the jobs。 第四种类型：考查由 where, when, why 引导的定语从句 关系副词 where, wh
14、en, why 引导定语从句时， 它们分别在从句中充当 地点时间、原因状语。如： 1.Is that the small town you often refer to? Right, just the one _ you know I used to work for years. (福 建卷) A. that B. which C. where D. what 解析：选 where，表示“的地方” ，引导定语从句，表示地点。 定语从句中如何判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一 ： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。 及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求
15、用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you. 判断改错（注 ： 先显示题，再显示答案，横线 ； 用不同的颜色表示出。 ） （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （对） Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countrysid
