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1、Grammar,A taste of English humour,动名词的形式,Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1. Talking to him is talking to a wall. 2. Smoking may cause cancer.,对他说话等于对牛弹琴。,吸烟会致癌。,-ing形式作主语和宾语的用法,Revision,3. Walking is my sole exercise. 4. Talking mends no holes. 5. I suggest bringing the meeting to an
2、 end.,散步是我唯一的运动。,（谚）空谈无济于事。,我建议结束会议。,6. He admitted taking the money. 7. I couldnt help laughing. 8. Your coat needs brushing.,他承认钱是他拿的。,我禁不住笑了起来。,你的大衣需要刷一下。,一. 作主语 动名词作主语时，句子有三种形式： 动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。 1) 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的. _ is something we should never do 2) 学习新单词对我来说非常重要。 _ is very important for me,Play
3、ing tricks on others,Learning new words,用形式主语it，把真正的主语动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如useful，useless，good，fun；no use，worth等。如：,2) 和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。 _ with Shylock 3) 想再解释一次有好处吗? _ 4) 跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。 _,It is useless arguing,Is it any good trying to explain?,It is pleasant working with you,常用-i
4、ng形式作主语的句型有： It +be +a waste of time doing 做是浪费时间的 It is/was no good/use doing 做是没用处的 It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做是值得的, 在there be结构中作主语，这种结构的意思相当于“It is impossible to do ” 如： 无法知道他什么时候离开。 There was _ when he would leave.,no knowing,二. 动名词作宾语有两种情况。一是有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语；二是有些动词既可后接动名词也可后接不定式作宾语。 只能后接动
5、名词作宾语的动词, 常见的有avoid, consider, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, escape, cannot help, imagine, mind, miss, practice, cannot stand等。如：,1) 我不能不去。 I cant avoid going 2) 你是否考虑过找一位挚友? Have you considered _ one special friend? 3) 我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。 We must try to _ the same mistake,looking for,av
6、oid repeating,4) 晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗? Do you _ with me after supper? 5)人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。 People _ foolish man 这类动词还有：excuse, fancy, give up, put off, risk等。,feel like having a walk,couldnt help laughing at that,既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有：begin, start, continue, like, love, prefer, mean, forget, remember, hate等。
7、A. 在like, love, hate, prefer等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同，动名词表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。,B. 在begin/start, continue之后，用动名词和不定式，意义无甚区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。 C. 在动词forget，remember，regret之后，用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作先于谓语发生，不定式表示后于谓语动作，如：,I remember posting the letter 我记得我已把信寄了。 2) Ill remember to post the letter 我会记着去
8、寄信的。 3) I shall never forget seeing the famous writer _,我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。,4) Dont forget to write to your mother _ 5) 我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。 _ 6) 我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。 _,不要忘了给你母亲写信。,I regret missing the report,I regret to say I cant take your advice,D. 在try，mean之后，意义各不相同，如try to do (设法)，try doing (试试)，mean to do
9、 (打算，有意要做)，mean doing (意思是，意味着)。如： 1) 我们必须设法及时把一切搞好。 We must try to get everything done in time.,2) 我们用别的方法做这工作试试。 Lets try doing the working in some other way. 3) I didnt mean to make you angry. _ 4) Your plan would mean spending hours. _,我并不想叫你生气。,你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。,E. go on doing 和 go on to do go on
10、 doing 继续做一直在做的事；go on to do 接着做另一件事。如： 1) 请接着做这同一个练习。 _ the same exercise 2) 请做另外一个练习。 _ the other exercise,Please go on doing,Please go on to do,F. stop doing与stop to do: stop doing 停止做，stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如： 1) 我们停止了交谈。_ 2) 我们停了下来去谈话。_,We stopped talking,We stopped to talk,一、-ing形式作定语 1. buil
11、ding materials = materials for building 建筑材料 drinking water = water for drinking 饮用水 a walking stick = a stick for walking 手杖,-ing形式作定语, 宾语补足语和表语的用法,2. They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. 他们住在一间面朝街的房子。 The man standing there is Peters father. = The m
12、an who is standing there is Peters father. 站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。,Anybody swimming in this river will be fined. = Anybody who is swimming in this river will be fined. 在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚款。,3. -ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如： His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His broth
13、er, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. 他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。,The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. = The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. 那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻摇曳。,二、-ing形式作宾语补足语 1. When we returned to the school, we found
14、 a stranger standing at the entrance. 当我们回到学校时, 发现一个陌生人站在大门口。 We found the snake eating the eggs. 我们发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。 I found a bag lying on the ground. 我发现地板上放着一个包。,2 They found the result very satisfying. = The result is found very satisfying. 这个结果很令人满意。 They heard him singing in the next room. = He was h
15、eard singing in the next room. 有人听到他在隔壁房间唱歌,2. 能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词: 1). We saw a light burning in the window. I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder.,Can you smell anything burning? As he spoke, he observed everybody looking at him curiously. Listen to the birds singing. I didnt notice him waiting.,2
