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1、Elements AndInorganic Nomenclature,ELEMENTS,1. 氢 H Hydrogen haidrudn 2. 氦 He Helium hi:ljm, -lim 3. 锂 Li Lithium liim 4. 铍 Be Beryllium beriljm,br- 5. 硼 B Boron b:rn 6. 碳 C Carbon k:bn 7. 氮 N Nitrogen naitrdn 8. 氧 O Oxygen ksidn 9. 氟 F Fluorine flu(:)ri:n 10. 氖 Ne Neon ni:n 11. 钠 Na Sodium sudjm, -d
2、im 12. 镁 Mg Magnesium mgni:zjm 13. 铝 Al Aluminum ljuminim 14. 硅 Si Silicon silikn 15. 磷 P Phosphorus fsfrs,ELEMENTS,16. 硫 S Sulfur slf 17. 氯 Cl Chlorine kl:ri:n 18. 氩 Ar Argon :gn 19. 钾 K Potassium ptsjm 20. 钙 Ca Calcium klsim 21. 钪 Sc Scandium skndim 22. 钛 Ti Titanium taiteinjm, ti- 23. 钒 V Vanadiu
3、m vneidim, -djm 24. 铬 Cr Chromium krumjm 25. 锰 Mn Manganese mgni:z 26. 铁 Fe Iron ain 27. 钴 Co Cobalt kb:lt, kub:lt 28. 镍 Ni Nickel nikl 29. 铜 Cu Copper kp 30. 锌 Zn Zinc zik,ELEMENTS,33. 砷 As Arsenic :snik 35. 溴 Br Bromine brumi:n 47. 银 Ag Silver silv 50. 锡 Sn Tin tin 53. 碘 I Iodine aidi:n; (US) aida
4、in 56. 钡 Ba Barium brim 79. 金 Au Gold guld 80. 汞 Hg Mercury m:kjuri 82. 铅 Pb Lead li:d,Inorganic Nomenclature,Covalent Compounds （共价化合物） Ionic Compounds （离子化合物） Polyatomic Ions （多原子离子） Hydrates and Acids （水合物和酸）,Covalent Compounds,Covalent = between two nonmetals These atoms share valence electrons,
5、 thus co-valent. Naming Covalent Compounds 1. The first element in the formula is named first, using the full element name. 2.The second element takes an -ide ending.e.g. oxide 3.We must indicate the number of atoms of each element, and Greek prefixes tell the number of each atom present. 5.Exceptio
6、n: do not use mono before the first element in a formula.,Greek prefixes for 1-12,1mono 2di 3tri 4tetra 5penta 6hexa,7hepta 8octa 9nona 10 deca 11 undeca 12 dodeca,Examples,CO carbon monoxide CO2 carbon dioxide P2O5 diphosphorus pentoxide NO nitrogen monoxide N2O dinitrogen monoxide N2O5 dinitrogen
7、pentoxide SiO2 silicon dioxid PBr3 phosphorus tribromide SO3 sulfur trioxide,Tips：mono becomes mon- and penta- becomes pent- before a vowel. CO isnt carbon monooxide.,Ionic Compounds: M+X-,Simple binary compounds 1.The cation /ktan, -n/ (positive ion) is always listed first.The anion /nan/ (negative
8、 ion) is listed second. 2. The cation is named simply as the name of the element. The anion is named using the root of the element name plus “ide”. Anion Names hydrogen hydride carbon carbide nitrogen nitride oxygen oxide fluorinefluoride silicon silicide phosphorus phosphide sulfur sulfide chlorine
9、 chloride arsenic arsenide bromine bromide iodine iodide,Examples,KBr CaS Mg3N2 BeO GaAs Li3P,potassium bromide calcium sulfide Magnesium nitride beryllium oxide gallium arsenide lithium phosphide,Transition Metal Compounds,1. Cation and anion are named as above. 2. If the metal cation can have more
10、 than one charge (oxidation state), it must be indicated with a Roman numeral. Examples: FeCl3 iron(III) chloride Cr2O3 chromium (III) oxide CuS copper (II) sulfide AuI3 gold (III) iodide NiCl nickel (I) chloride Fe2O3 Iron(III) oxide,Polyatomic Ions,Polyatomic = many atoms together When more than o
11、ne element combines to make a polyatomic ion, the ion name is used instead of the element names. The common polyatomic ions NH4+ ammonium OH- hydroxide O22- peroxide O2-superoxide NO2- nitrite NO3-nitrate HSO3-hydrogen sulfite HCO3- hydrogen carbonate Note the pattern here: -ite is for the lower oxi
12、dation state -ate is for the higher oxidation state (more O) There is a series of 4 prefix/suffix combinations that can be used for elements which take multiple oxidation states.,Sequence of prefixes and suffixes,per _ ate _ ate _ ite hypo _ ite,Chlorine example: perchlorate ClO4- chlorate ClO3- chl
13、oriteClO2- hypochloriteClO-,increasing oxidation state (number of oxygens),Examples,CH3COO- acetate CuC2H3O2 copper(I) acetate CN- cyanide SCN- thiocyanate MnO4- permanganate CrO42- chromate Cr2O72- dichromate Pb(ClO3)4 lead (IV) chlorate,Hydrates and Acids,There are 2 types of inorganic acids: Acid
14、s whose anions do not contain oxygen. The acid is namedhydro + element root + ic acid. Examples: HClhydrochloric acid HBrhydrobromic acid Acids whose anions do contain oxygen. If the anion name ends in ate, the suffix ic is added to the root name. If the anion ends in ite, the suffix ous is added to
15、 the root. Examples: HNO3nitric acid (from NO3-, nitrate) HNO2nitrous acid (NO2- = nitrite),Hydrated Salts,Some ionic compounds (salts) include water in their crystal structures.These are called hydrated salts. Naming Hydrated Salts Name the salt as usual. Indicate the number of water molecules in the formula with a Greek prefix (mono, di, tri) + hydrate,Examples,CuSO45H2O BaCl22H2O MnSO4H2O LiClO43H2O,copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate barium chloride dihydrate manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate lithium perchlorate trihydrate,thank you !,
