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1、Lesson 16,Distribution Packaging 第16课 运输包装,Short History of Distribution Packaging in the USA,Distribution packaging emerged in the 1800s as the industrial revolution blossomed and manufacturers began shipping their goods nationwide via railroad. - Paper did not enter the distribution arena as prote
2、ctive packaging until the early 1900s, when corrugated boxes first appeared as shipping containers. - From the end of World War I to the end of World War II, the use ratio of corrugated to wood containers went from 20/80 to 80/20. - Pallets became popular for industrial use following World War II, a
3、nd unitizing of high-volume products for shipment accelerated in the 1950s. - Plastics began appearing in the early 1960s with various foams replacing corrugated, rubberized fiber, and wood-based products as interior packaging.,Functions and Goals of Distribution Packaging,The functions of distribut
4、ion packaging can be summarized as follows: Containment Protection Performance Communication - Most distribution packaging should address the following goals: Product protection: Ease of handling and storage Shipping effectiveness Manufacturing efficiency: Ease of identification Customer needs Envir
5、onmental responsibility,The Cost of Packaging,It was estimated that expenditures for all packaging materials, including expendable (one-way) shipping pallets, were approximately $100 billion in 1997. Of this total, about one-third was in the form of distribution packaging. - The largest single segme
6、nt of distribution packaging is corrugated shipping containers, at approximately 20% of total expenditures and 60% of distribution packaging costs. - It has been estimated that although actual freight claims paid by carriers for damaging goods is approximately $2 billion, the actual cost to them and
7、 to shippers is really more than $10 billion per year. - Our goal in package design is to minimize the cost of both packaging and damage.,The Package Design Process,To develop an optimum distribution package that is both functional and cost-effective, you will need more than just assistance from you
8、r packaging suppliers. - Although your experience with a product line and a suppliers experience with packaging materials are both helpful in designing packaging, both of you should consider many factors in addition to the product and the packaging. - Your scope of consideration should include all a
9、spects of the distribution system, including customers, carriers, and distributors, as well as the manufacturing plant, packaging line, warehousing, and shipping. To be successful in distribution package design, take a total-system approach.,Taking a Total System Approach to Package Design,Once crea
10、ted, a package has an influence on and is influenced by everyone and everything it encounters. -Most of these encounters affect manufacturing and distribution costs or product integrity, with indirect impact on sales. - A general rule of thumb is that the total cost of transportation is between 3 an
11、d 10 times as much as packaging on average for all shipments. A small reduction in package size or weight could mean substantial savings in transportation costs, as well as in handling and storage. - An inverse relationship exists between packaging cost and maintaining product integrity with low dam
12、age rates, as shown in Figure 14.1. An increase in packaging costs provides more protection to the contents and therefore lowers the potential for damage.,Taking a Total System Approach to Package Design,Figure 16.1 The optimum packaging system balances costs from excessive damagewith the costs of o
13、verpackaging,Taking a Total System Approach to Package Design,The real cost of getting the product safely to market is the sum of packaging and damage. - Optimizing total cost is the true goal of packaging design. - No matter where in the company your packaging design function is located, in enginee
14、ring, manufacturing, shipping, or elsewhere, try to include all factors in a total-system approach for an optimum design. The Protective Package Concept Product + Package = Distribution environment Figure 16.2 depicts the consequences of an imbalance in this equation, showing what happens when a pro
15、duct plus its package are not exactly what is needed to survive in the distribution process.,Taking a Total System Approach to Package Design,Figure 16.2 Protective package concept,Taking a Total System Approach to Package Design,Severity is the quantitative measure of the environment, which can be
16、anyone or a combination of hazards in distribution. hazards severity the rough-handling hazard to 30 inches of drop a 20-pound package the compression (storage) hazard 10 packages high in warehousing the high temperature hazard 1300 F. Product represents the measured level of resistance to damage of the product. - An optimum solution: the products measured level of damage resistance plus the packagings measured abilities to protect the product are exactly equ
