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1、2020/9/20,1,初中英语句子成分句子成分 和 五大基本句型,2020/9/20,2,(Members of a Sentence),2020/9/20,3,什么是句子？,句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位句子的第一个字母必须大写，结尾要有？ ！,I am a teacher. Are you a student? How beautiful the girl is !,2020/9/20,4,现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有八种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predica
2、tive）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 、补语（complement）、同位语。,句子包括哪些成分？,2020/9/20,5,主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当它的位置一般在句首,The girl is pretty. Reading is useful. To see is to believe. They are good friends.,2020/9/20,6,谓语：,谓语说明主语做什么，以什么状态或特征存在，由简单动词或者动词短语构成,They are teachers. She lo
3、oks well. He studies hard. He laughed at his classmates. He can speak English.,2020/9/20,7,表语：,表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当表语位于系动词后面,I am a teacher. She feels happy. Everybody is here. They are at home now. He went mad. Seeing is believing.,2020/9/20,8,宾语,宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不
4、定式，动名词，从句充当它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后,She plays the piano. He often helps me. I like watching TV. She likes to go to shop this afternoon. I think that he is good boy.,2020/9/20,9,宾语补足语,在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在分词和过去分词充当,If you let me go,
5、 Ill make you king. Leave the door open. We found John out when we arrived. Make yourself at home. I heard my name called.,2020/9/20,10,状语,状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，也可由从句来充当,He did it carefully. He studied very hard. I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi. He i
6、s writing with a pen. I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.,2020/9/20,11,定语,定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，从句都可以充当定语,The black bike is mine. Whats your name? I have 5 books. A sleeping boy is sleeping. They made paper flowers. The boy in the room is Jack.,2020/9/20,12,三、同位语：,同位语 当两个指同一事
7、物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分用来说明和解释另一个句子成分，这个句子成分就叫做它的同位语。 We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批学生） Li Lei, my brother, came to see me today. (my brother是Li Lei的同位语）,2020/9/20,13,一) 挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did
8、 you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.,2020/9/20,14,(二) 挑出下列句中的表语 - The old man was feeling very tired. - The leaves have turned yellow. - He is a teacher while his little brother is still a junio
9、r middle school student.,2020/9/20,15,(三) 挑出下列句中的定语 1. What is your given name? 2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. 3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. 4. A beautiful girl is running to us. 5. The boy in the clssroom is crying.,2020/9/20,16,(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 He asked her to s
10、tudy hard. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.,2020/9/20,17,(五) 挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was traveling too
11、 fast.,2020/9/20,18, With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books.,2020/9/20,19,句子成份练习,1、You should study hard. 2、The teacher got very angry. 3、The boy told me his story. 4、We elected him our monitor. 5、The sun keeps us warm. 6、I told him to
12、 open the window. 7、We watched the train leaving the station.,状语,表语,间语+直宾,宾语+宾补,宾语+宾补,宾语+宾补,宾语+宾补,2020/9/20,20,8. I think it difficult to finish the work this morning. 9. There seems little hopes of success. 10、To our joy, they arrived safe. 11、The fact is very clear that our team will win the game.
13、 12. After graduation he will work where he came from.,宾语+宾补,主语,状语,同位语,状语,2020/9/20,21,有哪几种常见的句型结构？,2020/9/20,22,按句子的结构可分三种：简单句、 并列句和复合句。 简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. They walked, talked and laughed.,2020/9/20,23,英语句子的基本结构
14、可以归纳成五种基本句型,掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。,一： （主谓） 二： （主系表） 三： （主谓宾） 四： （主谓间宾直宾） 五： （主谓宾宾补）,2020/9/20,24,2020/9/20,25,基本句型一 +i（主谓） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、不定式、状语从句等。,2020/9/20,26,2020/9/20,27,基本句型 二 + +（主系表） 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达
15、完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, feel,smell,taste,sound等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn,go等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。,2020/9/20,28,2020/9/20,29,系动词词义不完整，在句中不能单独使用（除省略句外），后面必须接有表语，系动词和表语一起构成合成谓语。,2020/9/20,30,一、系动词的分类： 常见的系动词大致可分为三类。 第一类：表示特征或状态的，有be， look， feel， seem， appear， smell， taste
16、， sound， turn out（结果是、证明是）等。 You dont look very well. I feel rather cold.,2020/9/20,31,He seems to be ill. The roses smell sweet. The mixture tasted horrible. How sweet the music sounds!,2020/9/20,32,第二类：表示从一种状态到另一种状态的变化，有become， get， grow， turn， fall， go， come， run等。 He became a world-famous scientist. It is getting warmer and warmer. It grew dark. The food has turned bad.,2020/9
