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1、动词不定式 （the infinitive）,即to do ，其否定形式是not to do；不定式没有人称和数的变化。,动词不定式:,一.不定式的句法功能,1.Its normal to cry when we feel sad.,(做主语),不定式做主语时,常用代词it 来代替不定式结构, 这时 it 被称为形式主语,而作为句子真正主语的不定式则被后置.往往放v.和adj.之后.,e.g. To learn English well is not easy. = Its not easy to learn English well.,Its + adj. (+for sb.) +to do
2、 sth.,1. 不定式做主语：,常用句型：Its + adj. (+for sb.) + to do sth. （对某人来说）做某事是怎样的,=To work out the problem is difficult for me.,Its difficult for me to work out the problem.,=Working out the problem is difficult for me.,e.g. 对我来说解答出这道题是很难的。,2. The best way to learn English is to read loudly.,(做表语),可与be动词构成系表结
3、构.,Her wish is to study in Ji Yan Middle school. My job is to clean the streets.,在形式上，位于系动词后的就是表语。从含义上讲，表语是回答主语“是什么” 的语法成分。,2. 不定式做表语：,常放在be动词后，表明主语“是什么”。 e.g. Our plan is to go there by plane. 我们的计划是乘飞机去那儿。 （主语和表语指代的是同一事物）,1.My job is _computers. to selling B. sell C. to sell 2. Her hobby is _ (pla
4、y) football.,to play,= Her hobby is playing football.,3.I want to buy a ticket.,(做宾语),接动词不定式作宾语常见的几个动词是want , plan , hope , decide , begin , start. need , wait ,would like .hate. refuse. wish . prefer , learn. try. like .agree ,fail. be able to do, do/try ones best to do 等.,e.g. They decided to try
5、again.,The little boy wanted to get to school before 8 oclock.,3. 不定式做宾语：即动词+to do的结构中，这里的to do就是做宾语,1.My friends want _(book) some tickets to the movie for us. 2. My parents decide _ (give) me more money. 3. He plans _ (go) to Beijing for a holiday. 4. The boy hopes _ (pass) the English exam. 5. My
6、 little son is able _ (read) some words. 6. Ill try my best _ (help) you. 7. She would like _ (become) beautiful.,4.Kangkang helped us to learn English.,动词不定式作宾语补足语,常见的动词有 tell , ask , get, want , would like , wish , teach , help , order ,invite, get, allow, send, lead 等.常构成下面的句式： V + sb. + to do 其否
7、定形式为： V +sb. not +to do,(做宾语补足语),She told me not to give the book to him.,I asked Paul to carry the box.,4. 不定式做宾语补足语：即动词+sb. +to do的结构中，这里的to do就是做宾语补足语,1.Dont ask Jim _(go) swimming with us, because his mother wont allow him _(do) so. 2. Does you mother wish you _a doctor? A. being B. to be C. bec
8、ome 3. My teacher always tells me _ (study) hard. 4. I dont want you _ (help) me. 5. Shed like me _ (join) them. 6. I wish you _ (have) a good time. My best friends teach me _ (swim). 8. Her friend often invites her _ (have) dinner. 9. My mother always gets my father _ (do) housework. 10. I order yo
9、u _ (wash) your hands,但使役动词（let .make .have)和感官动词(see .watch.look at .hear. feel)的宾补常省略to,即：V. +sb. +do,He often makes his sister wash his clothes. I see the little girl run into the school.,1. When they went into the park, they saw someone _ Chinese Kongfu . plays B. played C. to play 2.Mr. Brown m
10、ade his students _ the new words again. copying B. copy C. to copy 3.Please let the students_ down. A. sitting B. to sit C. sit 4.Is Wei Fang good at singing? - Yes, she is. We often hear her _ in her room. A.to sing B. sing C. sings,5. I get up early to catch the bus.,(做目的状语),不定式作状语一般表示目的，原因或结果,I a
11、m sorry to hear that.,Lets stop to have a rest.,The orange are too high to reach.,She didnt work hard enough to pass the exam.,(表原因),(表目的),(表结果),5. 不定式做状语：常用来表示目的，原因或结果。,She sells flowers _ make money. A. made B. make C. to make 2.The room is not big enough _. A.to live in B. for living C.to live 3.
12、 Im sorry _ you . hit B. to hit C. hitting 4. He is too young _ (go) to school.,6. 作定语(后置） I have something _ 要说. 2.She has a lot of work _做 every day . 3. The old man has a house _ 住. 4. She is a nice person_ 谈话 .,to say,to do,to live in,to talk with,6. 不定式做定语：用来修饰前面的名词或者不定代词。,注意： 他在找一个房间住。 没什么可担心的
13、。 请给我把笔来写东西。,He is looking for a room to live in ,There is nothing to worry about,Please give me a pen to write with,不定式和宾语之间有时候必须加上相应的介词，才能构成完整的动宾关系。,7. 疑问词+ to do 构成短语。 We dont know when to leave Beijing. Can you show me how to swim. He didnt tell me when to leave.,1.Joe is teaching Alice _the cha
14、ir. how mend B. how mending C. how to mend 2. I dont know what_ (do) next. 3. Could you tell me when _ (have) dinner?,8. 在学习不定式中,我们需要注意些什么呢?,1）记住基本形式:,to do 否定: not to do,2） to do 是非谓语动词,没有人称和数的变化,不能充当谓语. 但可以和系动词构成系表结构.如: My dream is to be a doctor.,3）感官动词see, watch, hear, feel等和使役动词make, let等接do作宾语
15、补足语时,do 称为不带to的不定式如: Do you often see him play tennis on the playground?,4）充当后置定语时,要特别注意动词的不定式短语中的介词不能省去.如: The old man have no house to live in.,8. 只能跟ving 的动词： finish, enjoy, mind, keep(on), practise, feel like(want), be busy doing . give up, look forward to doing, cant help doing,1. I cant help _ (cry) . 2. He didnt finish _ (do) homework. 3. Would you mind _ (close) the window. 4. Every day Mary practise _ (speak) English. 5. Kangkang is busy _ (watch) TV now.
