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1、宾 语 从 句 The Object Clause,I know him . 2. I know who he is .,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾 语 从 句,引导词,从句主语,从句谓语,主 句,（复合句）,宾语从句的概念： 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。,句子结构： 主句 + 引导词+ 宾语从句,宾语从句由三类词来引导： 1）that 引导 2）if 或whether 引导 3）连接代词（what；who； which； whose等）或连接副词（when； where； why；how等 引导,一、引导词（连词） 1. 当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定 句）,
2、连词由that引导, 因为that在从句中不作 任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语 或非正式文体中常省略。,1. He said, “You are younger than I ”. 2. He says, “Tom is a good student ”.,He said (that) I was younger than him.,He says (that) Tom is a good student.,She knows that she should study hard. I hope that you will like this present.,在主句为动词be加某些
3、形容词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句。,Im sorry (that) I dont know . Were sure (that) our team will win . Im afraid (that) he wont pass the exam .,2. 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），if/whether翻译为：“是否”，具有一定的意义，不能省略。,1. She said, “ Do you often come here early? ” 2. “Will t
4、hey go to visit the Great Wall?” he asked.,She asked if/whether I often came here early.,He asked if/whether they would go visit the Great Wall.,I am not sure if/whether my mother will come back tomorrow. Danny wanted to know if/whether her mother liked the bag.,注意：下列情况只能用whether 1. 在whether or not
5、的固定搭配中。 e.g. I dont know whether it is going to rain or not. 2.在动词不定式之前只能用whether 。 e.g. He hasn；t decided whether to go。 3. 在介词后，只能用whether。 It depends on whether it will rain tomorrow。 4.宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether 。 e.g. Whether we should take the children to the park isnt clear。,3. 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由原特
6、殊疑问词（连接代词或连接副词）引导，因为特殊疑问词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略。,1. He asked, “Where do you live?” 2. “How can we get to the post-office?” he asked.,He asked where I lived.,He asked how they could get to the post-office.,Do you know where she is from？ Could you tell me where we will have a meeting this after
7、noon？,注意： 由特殊疑问引导的宾语从句，从句可转换为” 特殊疑问句+不定式“结构。 e.g. I dont know where I can go。 = I dont know where to go。 I don；t know what I should do =I dont know what to do。,陈 述 句,that,一般疑问句,if (whether),特殊疑问句,特殊疑问词,祈使句,肯定句,to+动词原形,否定句,not to+ 动词原形,He said to me, “Open the door, please!” He asked/told me to open
8、the door.,1. Did the students have a picnic last Sunday? Do you know ? 2. Mr. Smith have been in China for about three years . Jim told Lin Tao .,Do you know if/whether the students had a picnic last Sunday ?,Jim told Lin Tao (that) Mr. Smith had been in China for about three years .,3. Which book s
9、hould I read first ? Please tell me . 4. Light travels faster than sound . Our teacher told us in yesterdays class.,Please tell me which book I should read first .,Our teacher told us (that) light travels faster than sound in yesterdays class .,5. 如果从句中含有or或or not时，只能 用whether而不用if.,Could you tell m
10、e _ thats a fast train or not ? Do you know _he is right or not ? I dont care _hell stay here or not .,whether,whether,whether,6. 连词+宾语从句 连词+to do,I dont know what I shall do next . I dont know what to do next . She didnt decide which one she would choose . She didnt decide which one to choose . Ple
11、ase tell me whom youll give the letter to . Please tell me whom to give the letter to .,1.The young man asked _ its summer or winter. A. either B. that C. weather D. whether 2.We dont know _ they did it . A. how B. who C. what D. which 3. The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time . A. that B.
12、if C. when D. what time 4. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not . A. if B. where C. whether D. that,D,A,B,C,5. I wonder _ he is crying now . A. that B. why C. how D. when 6. Have you found out _ we can do on Hainan Island ? A. what B. how C. if D. whether 7. Lily sai
13、d _ she had finished her composition . A. if B. that C. when D. where 8. I dont know _ he still lives here . A. where B. what C. when D. whether,B,A,B,D,将下列句子合并为一句: 1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me? 3. Do they like to make friends wi
14、th us? He asked. 4. “ I am doing my homework.” He said. 5. “I will come back.” Tom said. 6. “Is he doing his homework?” Jim asked.,I asked where they stopped on the way.,Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?,He asked if they liked to make friends with them.,He said that he was doing
15、his homework.,Tom said that he would come back.,Jim asked if he was doing his homework.,7. “When will he come back?” Tom asked. 8. “How can I get to the station?” Could you tell me? 9. “Why is the train late?” Would you tell me? 10. “Where is Tom?” They asked.,Tom asked when he would come back.,Coul
16、d you tell me how I can get to the station?,Would you tell me why the train is late?,They asked where Tom was.,二、语序 宾语从句的语序用陈述语序： 主句+引导词+主语+谓语+其他， 将疑问句转化成宾语从句时；务必要将疑问句语序改为陈述语序。当疑问词在宾语从句中作主语时句子的语序不变。,你知道他什么时候回来吗？ Do you know when he will come back？ 我想知道谁能回答我的问题。 I want to know who can answer my questions。,三、时态 1. 当主句是一般现在时态时，从句可根据实际情况采用
