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1、1,第四章 汉译英句子翻译,2,Outline,主语的确定 谓语的确定与主谓一致 语序的调整 否定句的翻译 句子功能再现,3,1. 主语的确定,应遵循的原则： 必须符合英语的语言习惯和英美等国的文化习俗 必须符合英美人的思维方式 必须符合句中应突出的信息 必须符合句中的逻辑关系,4,1.1 必须符合英语的语言习惯和英美等国的文化习俗 热烈欢迎世界各地客商来此进一步加强合作，建立和发展贸易。 Customers from various countries and regions are warmly welcome to establish and develop business conta
2、cts.,5,希望今后北京能够与更多的外国城市结为友好城市。 It is hoped that Beijing will establish friendly relations with more foreign cities in the future.,6,我知道你要说服他放弃那个计划是很困难的。 I know it is difficult for you to persuade him out of the plan.,7,1.2 必须符合英美人的思维方式 她从来没想到他是个不诚实的人。 It never occurred to her that he was a dishonest
3、 man. 下倾盆大雨了。 It is raining cats and dogs.,8,南京发生过许多重大的历史事件。 Nanjing witnessed many great historic events.,9,1.3 必须符合句中应突出的信息 到去年年底，我部已同有关省市签订了100余艘中小船舶的建造合同和协议。 By the end of last year, contracts and agreements were signed with some provinces and cities for the construction of more than 100 medium-
4、and small-sized vessels.,10,我给你打国际直拨就跟给楼下的李姐打电话差不多，一拨就通。 An international phone call to you is as easy as a call to Sister Li downstairs.,11,1.4 必须符合句中的逻辑关系 他的英语讲得很好。 His English speaks good. He speaks good English.,12,我们事业从胜利走向胜利。 We have won one victory after another for our cause. Our cause has w
5、on victories one after another. A series of victories have been won for our cause.,13,2. 谓语的确定与主谓一致,2.1 人称和数与主语保持一致 乡镇企业的繁荣是我国农村改革的必然产物。 The prosperity of township enterprises is the inevitable outcome of the economic reform in the rural areas.,14,当前，我国的职业教育和成人教育正在加快发展。 Vocational education and adul
6、t education are being pushed on energetically in our country.,15,2.2 时态与原文语义相吻合 他做实验时心不在焉，几乎引起化学药物爆炸。 His absent-mindedness during the experiments nearly caused an explosion of the chemical.,16,他过去的那副尊容，只要你见过一次，无论什么时候你都不会忘记。 He had a face that once you saw is never forgotten.,17,2.3 逻辑上与主语搭配得当 这一证书课
7、程分在三年中学完。 This certificate course of studies will spread over three year. 这次旅游可选择的地方有北京、上海或西安。 The tour will include Beijing, Shanghai and Xian.,18,2.4 必须与宾语搭配得当 从这次讲座中，我们学到了许多美国历史方面的知识。 We obtained much knowledge of American history from the lecture.,19,原文若是形容词短语、 名词性短语、数量词或介词短语作谓语，译文中常采用系表结构作谓语 你们
8、一定知道，这种打字机轻便高效，经久耐用又经济实惠，适合高中学生使用。 You are well aware that this type of typewriter is portable and durable, economical and practical for high school students.,20,连动式和兼语式，译文选择一个主要动词作谓语，其它动词用其他形式 市政府采取各种措施招商。 The city government takes many measure to invite investment.,21,招商代表团吸引了许多东南亚客商来新加坡洽谈项目。 The
9、delegation of inviting investment has attracted many businessmen from Southeast Asia to Singapore to hold talks on different projects.,22,被动式的翻译 又一座立交桥将于年底通车。(含义被动） Another flyover will be opened to traffic by the end of this year. 家家房顶上都装了供沐浴用的太阳能热水器。（泛指主语） A solar heater is installed on the roof o
10、f every house, providing warm water for the shower.,23,汉英句子对比,主题突出， 连动式，,主语突出， 一个中心谓语,汉语,英语,24,我打算赶头班火车回北京。 I am going to catch the first train back to Beijing. 他们劝我采取“睁一只眼，闭一只眼”的方针. They persuaded me to adopt the live-and-let-live policy.,25,想到要出国深造，他就激动不已。 （For different emphasis） The idea that he
11、 would go abroad for further study made him greatly excited. He felt greatly excited at the thought of going abroad for further study.,近年来， 中、泰两国国民经济发展迅速，为两国的经济、贸易合作提供了良好的基础。 1). In recent years the national economies of China and Thailand have quickly developed, providing a good foundation for econ
12、omic and trade cooperation between the two countries. 2) Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of the national economies in China and Thailand, which has prepared for good economic and trade cooperation between the two countries. 3) China and Thailand, with the rapid development of their
13、 national economies in recent years, have laid a good foundation for their economic and trade cooperation.,27,4) The rapid development of the national economies of China and Thailand in recent years has laid a sound foundation for economic and trade cooperation between the two countries. Which one i
14、s the best one?,28,3.语序的调整 英汉语都以主语+谓语+宾语或施事+行为+受事为基本语序；就施事、行为和受事的顺序而言，汉语语序排列比英语灵活。 施事、行为、受事的位置在汉语中比较自由，在英语中比较固定。,29,沙发上坐着一个人。 A man was sitting on the couch. 约翰的中国之行，给他留下最深刻印象的是杭州西湖之秀美。 The beauty of the West Lake in Hangzhou was what impressed John most during his trip to China.,30,父亲母亲的形象还能回忆一点儿，但
15、很模糊。 Even today I can recollect what my own parents looked like but, of course, my impression is blurry.,31,表示时间、地点和方式的状语同时使用时，在汉语中通常排列为时间地点方式动词的顺序；在英语中则通常排列为动词方式地点时间的顺序。 大会将于今年九月在北京隆重召开。 The meeting will begin ceremoniously in Beijing the following September. 他每晚都在图书馆用心读书。 He reads hard in the libr
16、ary every evening.,状语位置调整,32,我们相信，在新的一年里，通过双方的努力，我们的业务和友好合作关系会得到发展。 We believe we will be able to develop business relations and friendly cooperation through our common efforts in the coming year. 经过仔细讨论，决定立即开始修建这条铁路。 After a thorough discussion, we decided to start building the railway right away.,33,定语的调整,汉语中不同类型词语作定语修饰一个名词时，往往将表明事物本质属性的词语排列在前，将描写性词语排列在后；而英语则相反，越是表明事物本质属性的定语，越是靠近被修饰的中心词。 中国现存规模最大，保存最完整的古代建筑群。 The best-preserved magnificent ancient architectural complexes
