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1、高考英语二轮复习：非谓语动词课件,一、动名词与不定式的用法区别,表2,有些动词后面只能跟动名词作宾语，这些动词(短语)是：enjoy, imagine, cant help, avoid, miss, put off, advise, suggest, consider, keep(on), practice, mind, escape, delay, finish, admit, cant stand(无法忍受), risk, excuse, deny, appreciate, give up, include, resist, devote to, look forward to, obj
2、ect to, pay attention to, get down to,有些动词后面只能跟不定式作宾语，这些动词是：ask, want, wish, hope, agree, refuse, decide, pretend, promise, manage, fail, appear, care, demand, long(渴望), offer, expect, learn, desire,注意：有些短语的to不是不定式符号，而是介词，其后应接动名词。这些短语常见的有： object to doing sth.反对做某事 stick to doing sth.坚持做某事 devote st
3、h. to doing sth.把献给 set ones mind to doing sth.决心做某事 be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 get down to doing sth.开始做某事 look forward to doing sth.盼望做某事,链接 动名词的复合结构 为了表明动名词动作的发出者，在动名词前加上名词的所有格或物主代词，这就叫动名词的复合结构。如果不在句首，可采用名词的普通格或代词宾格。 Would you mind my/me opening the door? Toms failing the exam made his father an
4、gry. Toms father was angry at Toms/Tom failing the exam.,辨析 动名词与现在分词的区别 作定语时的区别：动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的用途；现在分词与被修饰的名词存在逻辑上的主谓关系。请比较： a walking sticka stick for walking(动名词) a sleeping boya boy who is sleeping(现在分词),作表语时的区别：动名词作表语，表示主语是什么，主语、表语位置可互换；现在分词作表语说明主语的性质、特征，主语、表语位置不可互换。 My job is teaching.Teaching i
5、s my job.(动名词) The story sounds moving.(现在分词),二、分词与动词不定式的用法区别 1分词与动词不定式作状语的区别 (1)动词不定式作状语： 主要表示目的 To catch the early bus, she got up at 5 oclock. 还可以表示原因(用于表示喜、怒、哀、乐等心情的词后) They were very glad to hear the news.,还可以表示结果(常用于“onlyto do”结构，表示意想不到的结果) The boy rushed to the door, only to find it locked. (
6、2)分词(短语)作状语，可以表示动作发生的时间、原因、方式、结果，或表示伴随状况、补充说明等。 Not having made full preparations, we decided to put off the meeting till next week. 由于没有做好充分的准备，我们决定把会议推迟到下周。(分词短语Not having made full preparations在句中作原因状语),Hearing the news, he burst into tears. 听到这个消息，他突然哭了起来。(现在分词短语hearing the news在句中作时间状语，意思是“当他听到
7、这个消息时”) When asked what had happened, he told us the whole thing. 当被问到发生了什么事情时，他向我们和盘托出。 Laughing and talking, they went into the room. 他们说笑着进了屋。(分词短语laughing and talking表明他们进屋的方式),Armed with a raincoat and an umbrella, he set out to search for the lost child. 穿着雨衣，拿着雨伞，他出发去寻找那个丢失的孩子了。(过去分词短语armed w
8、ith a raincoat and an umbrella表明他出发时的方式) Football is played in 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world. 80个国家都踢足球，使得足球成为世界上最为流行的运动。(分词短语making.in the world从意义上讲是“80个国家都踢足球”的结果),He sat there, thinking. 他坐在那里，沉思着。(“沉思”伴随着“坐”) The professor entered the lab, followed by his assistant
9、s. 那位教授进了实验室，后面跟着他的助手们。 The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.(分词adding that.从意义上讲是对句中的expressed his satisfaction的补充说明) Turning left, you will find the cinema. If you turn left, you will find the cinema.(表条件) Though lacking money, h
10、is parents managed to send him to university. 尽管缺钱，他的父母还是送他上了大学。(表让步),技巧 解题时，根据句意弄清楚空白处需要哪一种状况是关键。如果表示目的，就要用不定式；如果表示时间、条件、方式、让步、原因、伴随状况等，就要用分词。 辨析 现在分词与过去分词作状语时的区别： 现在分词表示主动；过去分词表示被动。,Seeing nobody at home, he left them a note.(句子主语he与动词see之间为主谓关系，因此用现在分词) Seen from the top of the building, the city
11、 looks beautiful.(the city与动词see之间为动宾关系，因此用过去分词),典例(天津，12)_into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. ATranslating BTranslated CTo translate DHaving translated 解析：B。本题考查动词的非谓语形式作状语。主句主语the sentence与 translate之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词形式表示被动意义，A、C、D三项均表示主动意义。句意：被翻译成英语后，我们
12、发现这个句子的顺序完全不一样了。,2分词与动词不定式作定语、表语、宾语补足语的区别,作定语比较： (1)Did you know the girl talking to our English teacher？(主动、进行) (2)The bridge built last week cost one million dollars.(被动、完成) (3)We live in a house facing south.(只表主动) (4)He likes to read novels written by Dickens.(只表示被动) (5)He is a retired worker.(不
13、及物动词的过去分词只表示完成) (6)I have an article to write.(不定式表示将来),典例(山东卷，27)Look over theretheres a very long, winding path_up to the house. A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead 解析：A。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：看那儿有一条很长的且蜿蜒曲折的路，它直接通向这座房子。本题为非谓语动词作定语，故排除B项，且path与lead之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词作定语。,作表语比较： (1)The story is interesting.(
14、表示主语的特征) (2)He was excited at the news.(表示主语所处的状态) (3)His job is to look after patients.(表示主语的具体内容) 作宾语补足语比较： (1)Can you hear her singing in the next room？(表示正在进行的动作),(2)I often hear the song sung in English.(表示被动、完成的动作) (3)I often hear her sing the song.(表示主动和全部过程) 技巧 解题思路 贯彻“八字方针”：根据语境，分析关系。分述如下：
15、作定语时，分析被修饰语和非谓语动词之间的关系：主谓关系用现在分词；动宾关系用过去分词；表示将来的动作用动词不定式。,作宾语补足语时，分析宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系：表示主动、正在进行的动作用现在分词；表示被动、已经完成的动作用过去分词；表示将来的动作用动词不定式。,典例(新课标卷，27)The next thing he saw was smoke _ from behind the house. Arose Brising Cto rise Drisen 解析：B。本题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：他看到的下一件事情是从房后冒出的烟。根据句子结构可知，此处缺少定语。故排除A项。B项为现在分词，
16、且smoke与rise之间为主谓关系，符合语境。而C项为不定式表将来，D项为过去分词，表完成，都不符合语境。,警示 特别注意：英语中有12个动词后面跟不定式作宾语补足语时不带to。它们是： 五“看”：see, look at, watch, notice, observe 二“听”：hear, listen to 一“感”：feel 三“让”：have, let, make 一“帮”：help(其后作宾语补足语的不定式可带to也可不带to) 但变为被动语态时必须加to。,三、谓语动词与非谓语动词 在非谓语动词的学习中，经常会出现谓语动词与非谓语动词使用混乱的情况。以下四个句子是非谓语动词使用中的一些典型错误： 1It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just had a look at the sports stars. 2She set out after dark arriving home an hour later. 3Usi
